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Peoplefirst-us.com. Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements.

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Presentation on theme: "Peoplefirst-us.com. Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements."— Presentation transcript:

1 peoplefirst-us.com

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3 Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements. It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the construction and mining industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many workplaces. It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed, it is important to remember that safety issues in general and jobsites specifically will require a great deal of site- or hazard-specificity – a “one size fits all” approach is not recommended, nor will it likely be very effective.

4 No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the exact methods of remediation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of the employer, its subcontractors, and its employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work. It is assumed that individuals using this presentation or content to augment their training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with their audiences. Areas of particular concern (or especially suited to discussion) have additional information provided in the “notes” section of slides throughout the program…as a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or problems inherent in those photos particularly.

5 Know and understand: Principles of combustible and flammable liquids, including limits, and classification Basics of fire chemistry Fire classes How extinguishing agents work Be familiar with Types of fire extinguishers How to control flammable liquid hazards Basic fire prevention and protection

6 Annual $2.2 billion loss Over 300 workplace deaths Over 3% of workplace fatalities Fire losses can be catastrophic Unlike other hazards, the event may not be self- limiting Fire hazards MUST be controlled to a low level of probability, as losses are so high

7 Lower explosive limit, LEL (also LFL) The minimum concentration of vapor in air below which a spread of flame does not occur when the vapor is in contact with a source of ignition Acetone LEL = 2.5% Upper explosive limit, UEL (also UFL) The maximum concentration of vapor in air above which a spread of flame does not occur when the vapor is in contact with a source of ignition. Acetone UEL = 12.8% Explosive range (also flammable range) The spread between the LEL and UEL Acetone explosive range = 2.5 - 12.8%

8 Concentration Explosive energy LEL UEL

9 Toluene Example: TLV PEL IDLH LEL UEL 1 - 100 ppm 1000-5000 ppm 1-20 percent TLV=50 ppm, PEL = 200 ppm, IDLH = 500 ppm, LEL = 1.1%, UEL 7.1% O 2 deficient

10 Ignition temperature The temperature at which ignition (production of flame) and burning will be continued after the source of ignition or the source of heat is removed Flash point The lowest temperature at which enough vapor is given off near the surface of a liquid to produce a flammable mixture with air. Flammable liquid Liquids with a flash point below 100 F Combustible liquid Liquids with a flash point 100 F or greater

11 NFPAOSHAFlashpointBoiling point Flammable Liquids 4IA<73F< 100F 3IB<73F>100F 3IC>73 - <100F Combustible liquids 2II>100 - <140F 2IIIA>140 - <200F 1IIIB>200F Non- combustible 0

12 Flame fire Gases or vapors High burning rate Surface fire Burning rate may be slow Explosion An event leading to a rapid increase of pressure

13 Deflagration Combustion wave propagates at subsonic velocity Detonation Combustion wave propagates at supersonic velocity Gas or vapor explosion Combustion of pre-mixed gas or vapor Dust explosion Finely divided solids, suspended in air

14 BLEVE Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion Flash evaporation after vessel rupture May not involve combustion

15 Combustion Rapid oxidation Combustion components Oxygen Atmosphere (21%) Chemical oxidizers Fuel Solids Surface-to-mass ratio Gaseous Liquids (vapors) BGases

16 Combustion components (cont.) Heat Heat of combustion Other sources of heat: (ignition) Chemical reactions Decay Slow oxidation Electricity Arcing Resistance Mechanical friction Chemical Chain Reaction Propagated by free radicals

17 Heat Soot, smoke Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Incomplete combustion Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen sulfide Phosgene Acid Gases Hydrogen Chloride Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxides Ammonia Acrolein Metal Fumes

18 Four components: Oxygen Heat Fuel Reaction Removing any component stops the fire

19 Cooling Applying water Removing Fuel Shut off supply to gas or liquid fires Pump liquid from burning tanks Limiting oxygen Mechanical smothering Foam Displace oxygen with inert gas Interrupt chain reaction Capture free radicals using an extinguishing agent

20 Class A Ordinary combustibles Wood, paper, rubbish Extinguish with water Class B Flammable liquids Water may aggravate a burning liquid fire Extinguish with foam, chemical agents

21 Class C Fires in electrical equipment Use non-conductive extinguishing agent Class D Combustible metal fires Extinguish by smothering with dry powder Water will cause burning metals to explode Special categories

22 Water Removes heat from a fire Streams, spray or fog Best for Class A fires Not for electrical or combustible metal fires Water mist may be used on electrical fires. These are special fire extinguishers, filled with distilled water, that produce a fine mist (no solid stream of water) Foam Excludes oxygen from burning liquid fires Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Fire can re-ignite if foam breaks down

23 Inert Gases Displaces oxygen Carbon dioxide, nitrogen Halogenated Hydrocarbons Inhibit chain reactions HALON (bromo-fluoro-chloro-hyrdrocarbons) Carbon tetrachloride (historically) Ozone depleting New, more ozone-friendly agents are available

24 Dry Chemical Inhibit chain reactions Sodium or potassium bicarbonate For Class B or C fires Multipurpose Dry Chemical Monoammonium phosphate For Class A, B, or C fires Excludes oxygen by coating surfaces Dry Powder Excludes oxygen from burning metal Sodium chloride, graphite

25 Water For Class A fires Minimum 2 1/2 gallons or 2A "A" unit rating = 5 quart water or equivalent Usually stored pressure type Inverting soda-acid extinguisher are obsolete and dangerous Foam For Class A or B Stored pressure

26 Dry Chemical Class ABC or BC "B" unit rating = 1 square foot flammable liquid fire No rating for "C“ Stored pressure or cartridge- operated

27 Liquified Gas CO 2, Class BC HALON, Class ABC Dry powder Class D (no rating) Cartridge operated

28 Placement Maximum 75 foot travel distance for "A" or "D“ Maximum 50 foot travel distance for "B“ Inspection Monthly visual Annual maintenance 5-year hydrotest 12 yr. hydrotest for dry chemical or HALON (6 yr. recharge) Training and Education For all workplaces with fire extinguishers

29 P.A.S.S. Pull Pin Aim at base of fire Squeeze handle Sweep back and forth

30 Flammable liquid safety Limit quantities Store liquids in flammable liquid cabinets or rooms Use "Safety" cans Ventilation Pressure relief valves

31 Flammable liquid safety Controlling ignition sources Grounding and bonding Non-sparking tools Approved dispensing hoses Classified "explosion proof" wiring "Hot Work Permit“ For welding, etc. Test for LEL Observer stands by with extinguisher or fire hose

32 Fire Suppression Systems Automatic sprinklers Wet pipe (buildings) Dry pipe (industrial) Deluge Dry chemical CO 2, HALON


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