1. NUTRIENTS Living things are composed of non-living chemicals There are six nutrient chemicals that all life requires.They are: 1.Proteins 2. Carbohydrates 3. Lipids 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water

2. CARBOHYDRATES Body’s main source of energy Largest component of our diet Food examples are: potatoes, breads, corn, rice, fruits

3. CARBOHYDRATES Simple sugars or monosaccharides are: a) glucose b) fructose c) galactose All have the formula C 6 H 12 O 6 GLUCOSE = found in all cells of the body & is used for cell respiration FRUCTOSE = found in fruits and tastes sweeter than glucose GALACTOSE = sugar found in mammalian milk

4. DISACCHARIDES Disaccharides are “double sugars” Maltose = glucose + glucose Used in making beer Lactose = glucose + galactose Milk sugar Sucrose = glucose + fructose Brown & white sugars

5. SUCROSE

6. LACTOSE

7. MALTOSE

8. POLYSACCHARIDES STARCH= a)1000 glucose molecules joined together b) Plant storage product

9. POLYSACCHARIDES Cellulose = component of plant cell walls Formed by linking 1000 glucose molecules together Cannot be digested by humans. Ingested as roughage. Aids in the elimination of wastes as it holds water

10. POLYSACCHARIDES Glycogen = principal storage product in animals, stored in our liver & muscles Chitin = forms a hard external skeleton in insects & crustaceans

11. LIPIDS Lipids are divided into three groups: A) fats oils & waxes B) phospholipids C) steriods Functions are: They can supply energy to the body but are harder to process than carbs. An excellent energy storage molecule Aid in the absorption of vitamins Serve as insulation from the cold Components of cell membranes Aid in the synthesis of hormones Protect organs inside our body Insoluble in water, float

12. LIPIDS

14. Composed of three fatty acids + glycerol glycerol

15. TRIGLYCERIDE

16. Saturated Fats All C-C bonds have the max. number of hydrogen C-C single bonds Usually firm, solid fats Found in beef, pork, cheese, butter,palm oils

18. Unsaturated fats Have some C-C double or triple bonds have less than the max. number of hydrogen Usually liquid, or soft fats Found in olive oils, peanut oils, almonds, fish, corn oils, margarines

20. PHOSPHOLIPIDS Component of cell membranes 1 Phosphate group + glycerol + 2 fatty acids Part of this molecule is soluble in water, part is insoluble in water

21. WAXES Insoluble in water Waterproofing agent for plants, animal feathers and fur

22. STERIODS Steroids are also lipids Carbon based, multiple ring structure Estrogen, cholesterol, testosterone

23. CHOLESTEROL Used to make hormones (sex hormones) Part of cell membrane Can combine with other fats to form plaque that blocks blood vessels

24. PROTEINS Used to build cell structures & body parts Composed of amino acids sequences 20 amino acids are used to make proteins Sequences of amino acids are regulated by genes 8 essential amino acids (have to have these in our diet 12 non-essential amino acids (can be manufactured)

26. Amino acid Alphabet

27. POLYPEPTIDES

28. VITAMINS A vitamin is an organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism. cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet are classified by their biological and chemical activity have diverse biochemical functions, including function as hormones (e.g. vitamin D) antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E) mediators of cell signaling and regulators of cell and tissue growth and differentiation

29. Vitamins & Sources Vitamin A Night vision, growth of bones, teeth Vitamin B1 Heart function, nerve & muscle function (cell respiration) Vitamin B2 Healthy skin, hair, growth, reproduction Vitamin C Maintain cells & tissues Vitamin D Strong teeth bones, growth Vitamin E Form red blood cells Vitamin K assist in blood clotting, healthy bones

30. MINERALS Elements required by the body in small amounts Minerals are inorganic Calcium = growth of teeth & bones, blood clotting Iodine = proper functioning of thyroid gland Iron = transport of oxygen Phosphorus = growth, maintenance of bones & teeth, cell reactions (Cell Resp.) Potassium = needed to make proteins Sodium = muscle contraction, movement of water between cells

33. WATER The importance of water in the diet cannot be overestimated Healthy lifestyles that include exercise and a high fiber diet require plenty of water intake Experts suggest that a person drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water daily. For anyone participating in a regular exercise program, 9 to 13 glasses of water are recommended The body needs water to perform the following functions: Digest food and dissolve nutrients so they can pass through your digestive system Carry waste products out of the body Send messages between cells so that your muscles can move, your eyes can see and your brain can think Regulate body temperature Lubricate moving parts (eg, joints)