2.  The perceived purpose of the research article is to investigate the possible occurrence of insulin resistance as well as the changes in lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in the brain cortex and liver of OVX rats and the effects of E2 and E plus vitamin E supplementations on those parameters.  The key topics the authors are addressing are insulin resistance and oxidative stress on ovariectomized rats. They are trying to answer the question of how E and E2 will affect the rats insulin resistance and stress.

3.  Oxidative stress inhibits normal cellular functions by damaging DNA and cellular lipids. This can cause depletion of ATP or inhibit protein synthesis. In addition it causes altering to intracellular signaling pathways and causing insulin resistance.  Insulin resistance comes after menopause. It is the over production of reactive oxygen species. There is a decrease in insulin mediated glucose uptake.  17B-estradiol; it is the most potent estrogen in humans.

4.  Oxidative stress has been linked to insulin resistance. While women are experiencing menopause, they experience oxidative stress and their bodies produce less estrogen. With less estrogen there is less antioxidants produced. The bodies need antioxidants to stop insulin resistance because the body needs the vitamins E2 and E.  When some women go through menopause they have very low progesterone and estrogen levels (hormones). As a result the way their bodies react to insulin changes. Their bodies may become resistant to insulin and as a result they get type 2 diabetes.

6.  http://www.equestrianlife.com/videos/watch /449/Diseases_Caused_by_Insulin_Resistance _in_Horses http://www.equestrianlife.com/videos/watch /449/Diseases_Caused_by_Insulin_Resistance _in_Horses

7.  www.nrcresearchpress.com/cjpp www.nrcresearchpress.com/cjpp  http://wholehealthsource.blogspot.com/201 1/11/what-causes-insulin-resistance-part- i.html http://wholehealthsource.blogspot.com/201 1/11/what-causes-insulin-resistance-part- i.html  http://www.drmarilynchernoff.com/understa nding-hormones/ http://www.drmarilynchernoff.com/understa nding-hormones/