1. Chapter 19 Notes

2. page 556 Transcontinental railroad completed in 1869. Trains played an important role in the economic growth of the country and the Civil War, especially for the North (Union). Tarriers – refers to railroad workers during the late 1800’s.

3. page 557 Consolidation- combining of companies (usually made the smaller companies run better) Cornelius Vanderbilt - railroad baron railroad barons played an important role in building the nations transportation system. Railroads expanded the economy railroad caused other industries to grow

4. page 558 Railroad technology changed to a standard gauge so that cars from all rails would fit. Gustavus Swift - invented the refrigerated car George Pullman - invented the sleeping car and the dining car

5. page 559 Larger companies forced the smaller companies out of business with underhanded business practices. Timezones were developed because of the railroad schedules and the trains redistributed the population.

6. Page 560 Timezones Use the map on page 560 and be able to answers questions about time zones.

7. Section 2page 561-566 Thomas Edison-invented the light bulb, etc. Alexander Graham Bell- invented the telephone Henry Ford- invented the assembly line, Model T George Eastman- invented a smaller camera Granville Woods- patented 35 inventions Cyrus Field- laid telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean

8. Section 3page 567-571 Andrew Carnegie- philanthropist steel company (libraries,museums) John D. Rockefeller- Standard Oil Look up information about Edwin Drake patent- document that gives an inventor the sole legal right to an invention for a period of time merger- the combining of two or more businesses into one trust- a combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition

9. Section 4page 572-575 Mary Harris Jones- labor union leader Eugene V. Debs- Pullman strike leader Look up information on the steelworkers’ union sweatshops- a shop or factory where workers work long hours at low wages under unhealthy conditions strikebreakers- person hired to replace a striking worker in order to break up a strike collective bargaining- discussion between an employer and union representatives of workers over wages, hours, and working conditions

10. Don’t forget your test coming soon. Test Date Tuesday 9-29-15