1. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1750-1914

2. BRITAIN LEADS THE WAY 1750-1914 Why Britain New Methods in Production Factory System New sources of power Improved transportation and communications

3. WHY BRITAIN? Large Iron and Coal Resources Commercial Nation –Merchants had capital to invest Cheap Labor Colonies to Supply Raw Materials Market for finished goods Government encourage improvements in transportation Navy to protect trade

4. NEW METHODS IN PRODUCTION Machines replaced hand tools Faster production of thread and weaving cloth Steam and electricity replace human and animal power

5. FACTORY SYSTEM

6. NEW SOURCES OF POWER Steam replaces water –James Watt/Steam Powered Engine Coal Iron Steel Bessemer Leads to growth of other industries

7. IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS Nation now connected –Roads, Bridges, Canals Steam Powered Railroads and Ships Telegraph

8. RAILROADS Entice people to move west and build towns –If you provide water towers, hotels for workers, supply wood, and give us a tax break…We will run railroad through your town More people more money

9. TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad compete against each other in a race to lay the most railroad track across the nation –The more track laid…the more land received

10. WORKERS

11. WORKING CONDITIONS Blizzards Floods Avalanches Attack from Indians Pressure from bosses

12. FROM SEA TO SHINING SEA May 10, 1869 Golden Stake is driven in connecting Union Pacific and Central Pacific Promontory Summit, Utah

13. 1850’s-OTHER COUNTRIES INDUSTRIALIZE Belgium, France, Germany, United States, and Japan 1890’s US overtakes Great Britain as leading industrial power 1900 Germany rivals US and Great Britain

14. SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY Electricity developments further the industrial revolution –Generators –Telephones –Radios –Phonograph –Light bulb

15. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Used to power automobiles Set stage for revolution in the transportation industry Growth of Auto- Industry leads to booms in… –Steel Production –Rubber Production –Petroleum Production

16. NEW METHODS OF PRODUCTION Assembly Line –Henry Ford –Complex assignments broken down into smaller tasks Each task is performed by an individual worker\ –More efficient and reduces cost

17. SOCIAL CHANGES

18. WOMEN Now working outside home –Factories –Domestic Servants –Get paid less than men

19. URBANIZATION New jobs Greater variety of cheaper goods Advances in diagnosing and treating diseases Chances for advancement Dark, smoky factories Poorly built houses Working families living together in 1-2 rooms No water or sewage system Crime rate high…police force small Open sewers, polluted rivers, factory smoke, filthy streets-disease spread 26 out of every 100 children die before age of 5

20. WORKING IN THE CITIES Entire family works Men, Women, Children Come from local poorhouses –Orphaned children/homeless adults 12-16 hours a day-6 days a week Injured on job-No Compensation Sick- No Sick leave can be fired Wages low No job security No laws restricting child labor –Start at age 6 –Supervisors beat children to keep awake and alert

21. CHANGING VALUES Sense of belonging to disappearing as people move to cities Weakened family –Long hours and irregular schedules –Supervision of children hard Runaways and abandon youngsters wandering streets –Men and women turn to alcohol Older Citizens –Lost authority and respect once had

22. BENEFITS OF URBANIZATION Factory made goods plentiful and priced within reach of most Chances for advancement Workers acquired special skills Education available