1. Industrial Revolution

2. Begins with Agricultural Revolution Simple tools Three field system Small families Mostly rural

3. Domestic System

4. Workers set own hours Women could earn money while caring for children, gardens, etc. Provided income during hard times Farmers helped in the Coal Mining industry by pulling coal with wagons Children could help—lace making Workers could tend to chores Woolen production in home—later leather and lace

5. As the English gentry rose to political dominance after 1685, they used their strength in parliament to push through Enclosure Acts, shutting the peasantry out from access to common lands.

6. Enclosed Lands

7. Scientific Agriculture

8. Charles Townshend 1730 Crop Rotation

9. Robert Bakewell late 18th Century Scientific Breeding

10. Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill 1701

11. George Washington Carver A Few Other Uses of Peanut Products Hulls, or pods, can be used as fuel or in kitty litter. Kernels not used in foods, can be crushed to obtain peanut oil. Peanut oil can be used in soaps. Peanuts have been used as an effective and attractive landscape ground-cover. Peanuts skins have been used to make beverages. Late 19th century

12. Other Scientific Applications

13. Effects of Agricultural Revolution Production increased Large farms dominate Fewer farmers Less laborious Big Business

14. Industrial Revolution Roots in the Renaissance and Commercial Revolution

15. Why England? Population Markets Natural Resources Government

16. Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

17. Textiles

18. John Kay Flying Shuttle 1733

19. James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny-1764

20. Richard Arkwright Water Frame 1769

21. Samuel Crompton Spinning Mule 1779

22. Edmund Cartwright Power Loom 1785

23. Eli Whitney 1793 Cotton Gin

24. Whitney’s Interchangeable Parts

25. English entrepreneurs established their factories at the beginning of the nineteenth century, not in the traditional population centers such as London, but out of town, close to water power and coal fields and with easy access to markets. Industrial England Early 19th Century

26. Factory System Water power not enough Division of Labor Standardization Assembly Line Workers

27. Working Day is now ruled by the clock Schedules were similar to those in the prisons Early workers came from poorhouses and orphanages

28. Steam Age Newcomen’s Steam Engine 1705 Watt’s Steam Engine 1769

29. Young Coal Miners

30. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

31. Richard Trevithick Steam Powered Carriage-1801

32. Robert Fulton Steam Paddle Ship 1807

33. George Stephenson Steam Locomotive 1814

34. Advantages of Railroads Cheaper Faster Greater hauling capacity

35. Crystal Palace

36. Steel Henry Bessemer Mid 1800’s

37. Samuel Slater

38. Modern Capitalism Laissez-faire Free Enterprise

39. Communication Samuel Morse 1830’s Telegraph Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph 1895 Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876

40. Electricity Farraday 1831

41. Thomas Edison Incandescent Bulb and Phonograph 1890’s

42. Industrialization in Europe By the middle of the nineteenth century industrialization had spread across Europe, aided by the development of railroad links that brought resources to the new factories and transported their finished goods to world markets.

43. Energy and Engines Gottlieb-Daimler-late 1800’s Rudolf Diesel Zeppelin Wright Brothers