1. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Optimizing SAS System Performance − A Platform Perspective Patrick McDonald Scryer Analytics, LLC June 3, 2010

2. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Presentation Overview  After this presentation you will know: How your SAS code interacts with the hardware it runs on. The different hardware configurations SAS may run on in your organization. How to help your IT organization diagnose and correct performance problems.  You probably won’t gain: Any new SAS programming tips More than a very brief overview of efficient programming techniques

3. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. An Easy Question What does this program do?  Connects to DB2  SAS table of db2table  Disconnects from DB2  Creates x as previous y  Calculates Mean and N and outputs data proc sql; connect to db2 (database=mydatabase); create table Table1 as select * from connection to db2 ( select * from db2table); disconnect from db2; quit; data View1 / view=View1; set Table1; retain x; output; x=y; run; proc summary data=View1 NWAY; var _numeric_; class c1 c2 c3; output out =p.mymeans mean= M N=COUNT; run;

4. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. What controls system performance? Resources Programmer Time CPU TimeI/OMemoryStorage Relationships Programmer Time Hardware Data Volume (Storage)Data Volume (I/O) Multi-threaded (RAM/CPU) Mathematical Complexity (CPU/RAM) Small DataSingle ThreadsMathematical Simplicity

5. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Efficient Programming Practices Writing Efficient Code  Necessary Statements  Passes Through Data  Essential Read/Writes  Permanent SAS Data  Necessary Procedures  Sorting, Duplicates, Etc.  SAS Views  DBMS Optimization Configuring/Tuning Options  Buffer Allocation  Memory Allocation  Multithreading

6. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Resource Model – CPU, RAM, I/O, & Disk

7. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. CPU  What is a CPU? # of Sockets # of Chips # of Cores # of Co-processors Clock Speed Etc.  SPECfp  SPECint

8. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. RAM Memory  RAM  RAM per core  RAM per session  RAM for OS

9. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. I/O  Types of Storage Network Attached Storage Local Disk Storage Area Network  The disk is the slowest part of the system ~10-60 MB/s read/write speeds  Throughput per session 15-25 MB/s 50-75+ MB/s

10. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. A little more about storage Storage Options  HBAs  LUNS  RAID  Disks  Disk Speed  Disk Size File Systems  SAS User  Temporary Work Space  Permanent Data Storage  Utility (UTILLOC)

11. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. RAID Configurations in SAS Environments

12. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Operating System Limitations Windows (32 bit)  Enterprise Edition (32 bit) ~2 GB of RAM practical limit 5 GB data set size practical limit (file cache contention) Windows (x64)  Enterprise Edition for x64 Support issues (9.1) 5 GB data set size practical limit (file cache contention)

13. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Operating System Limitations Windows (Itanium)  Enterprise Edition (Itanium) 10 GB data set size practical limit (file cache contention) Unix (64 bit)  HPUX, Solaris, AIX etc. Limited by hardware only Access to additional memory No file cache contention issues

14. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Architecture Limitations Hardware Bottlenecks  CPU (#, speed, etc.)  RAM  Backplane  Cache  Configuration/Tuning  Hyperthreading SAN Bottlenecks  I/O Host Bus Adaptors Ethernet (2 GB/s Ethernet) Paths to Disk Disks −RAID −# of disks −Disk Speed −Disk Size Luns & File Systems

15. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Redux: what does this program do? Think like hardware? proc sql; connect to db2 (database=mydatabase); create table Table1 as select * from connection to db2 ( select * from db2table); disconnect from db2; quit; data View1 / view=View1; set Table1; retain x; output; x=y; run; proc summary data=View1 NWAY; var _numeric_; class c1 c2 c3; output out =p.mymeans mean= M N=COUNT; run;

16. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. PROC SQL What resources are used? proc sql; connect to db2 (database=mydatabase); create table Table1 as select * from connection to db2 ( select * from db2table); disconnect from db2; quit; data View1 / view=View1; set Table1; retain x; output; x=y; run; proc summary data=View1 NWAY; var _numeric_; class c1 c2 c3; output out =p.mymeans mean= M N=COUNT; run;

17. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Data Step What resources are used? proc sql; connect to db2 (database=mydatabase); create table Table1 as select * from connection to db2 ( select * from db2table); disconnect from db2; quit; data View1 / view=View1; set Table1; retain x; output; x=y; run; proc summary data=View1 NWAY; var _numeric_; class c1 c2 c3; output out =p.mymeans mean= M N=COUNT; run;

18. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Proc Step What resources are used? proc sql; connect to db2 (database=mydatabase); create table Table1 as select * from connection to db2 ( select * from db2table); disconnect from db2; quit; data View1 / view=View1; set Table1; retain x; output; x=y; run; proc summary data=View1 NWAY; var _numeric_; class c1 c2 c3; output out =p.mymeans mean= M N=COUNT; run;

19. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Typical BI/SAS Solution Architecture

20. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. BI Architecture Web Server Loads  CPU Intensive  Integer Calculations  Rack Servers  Pooled, Load Balanced  ~ 100 concurrent sessions per core (CPU) Small Text Files

21. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. BI Architecture Application Server Loads  CPU Intensive  Integer Calculations  Rack Servers  Pooled, Load balanced  ~100 concurrent sessions per core (CPU). Small Text Files

22. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. BI Architecture SAS Metadata Server  Memory Intensive  Metadata stored in memory for speed  Generally 2 CPU except for very large implementations Metadata in RAM database

23. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. BI Architecture SAS BI Servers  CPU and or I/O Intensive  Heavy Floating Point (CPU)  Heavy I/O depending upon the number of sessions and volume of data  Heavy Memory (type of problem & number of concurrent sessions) Large Volumes of Data

24. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. BI Architecture SPD Server/RDBMS  I/O Intensive  SAN Storage (75+ Mb/s sustained I/O throughput per session) Large Volumes of Data

25. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. Questions

26. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. References  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID  Optimizing SAS ® Programs Course Notes  SGF 2009: How to maintain happy SAS users  SUGI 31: Solving SAS Performance Problems: Employing Host Based Tools

27. Copyright © 2010, Scryer Analytics, LLC. All rights reserved. SIMPLICITY BEYOND COMPLEXITY