1. DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 ASSESSMENT OF THE CONFORMITY OF THE BASE STATIONS TO THE NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO THE PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING DALLY Brice Landry, Co-Editeur of Rec K. arcb ITU-T/SG5 Tanya MCPHERSON'S Consulting Ivory Coast Brice.dally@Tanya Mcpherson'S-consulting.c i ITU Regional Standardization Forum for Africa (Dakar, Senegal, March 24-25 2015)

2. 2 PLAN OF THE PRESENTATION CONTEXT 3 PREREQUISITES 4 MEASURES OF PROTECTION 5 INTERNAL SPF 6 EXTERNAL SPF 7 INSPECTION OF A SPF 8 NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS 9 OPERATING MODE 12 CONCLUSION 18 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015

3. 3 For the exercise of its tasks, rights and obligations of controls of ICT infrastructure, the State of the Côte D’Ivoire has instructed its operational structures (the Ex-ATCI and the AIGF today) since 2011 to the effect of achieving the "campaigns of control of conformity of the base-electrical stations implanted on the Ivorian territory". These campaigns are occuring in a period of intensive deployment (densification, extension, migration) of networks in urban and rural areas by telecommunications operators. VLSCH Consulting, as consultant in the realization of this mission, presents the experience gained on more than 1800 radio-electrical sites by focusing on "The control of lightning protection systems ". CONTEXT DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015

4. 4 Prerequisite LIGHTNING PROTECTION : A basic requirement DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 Lightning is an electrical discharge of atmospheric origin. "There are no devices or methods which could change the natural phenomena to the point of preventing lightning strikes. The impacts of lightning on the facilities or in their vicinity (or on the services entering the facilities) are dangerous to the people, the facilities themselves, their content, their installations and departments That is why the lightning protection measures are essential ". cf the IEC 62305 - 1.

5. 5 MEASURES OF PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 "The measurement of essential protection and the most reliable one for the protection of facilities against physical damage is deemed to be the lightning protection system (SPF). It usually includes a system of external protection and a system of internal protection against lightning strikes. " Cf. IEC 62305-3.

6. 6 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 A system of external protection against lightning is intended to: A) intercept a lightning strike on the facility by a capture device ; B) flow in a safe manner the lightning current to earth by one or some downward conductors ; C) disperse the lightning current in the earth by a network of earthing. SYSTEM OF EXTERNAL PROTECTION

7. 7 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 A system of internal protection against lightning helps to prevent the dangerous sparks in the facility by using a network of bonding connections or a separation distance between the components of the system of external protection and the other internal conductors of the facility. INTERNAL PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. 8 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 INSPECTION OF A SPF The inspections of the SPF include the verification of the technical documentation, visual checks and test measurements. They are intended to ensure that: m) The lightning protection system is consistent with the design based on the normative requirements in force; n) All the components of the lightning protection system are in good condition and able to ensure the functions for which they were designed, and that there is no corrosion; o) All departments or all constructions recently added are integrated in the external SPF.

9. 9 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS Among normative requirements in force, we can cite the recommendations of the standardization sector of the International Telecommunication Union and the international standards:  Recommendation ITU-T K56 : 2010: K SERIES: Protection against disturbances: Protection of radio- electrical base stations against lightning ;  Recommendation ITU-T K27; K72 and K39.  ISO IEC 62305-1 / -2 / -3 / -4 : 2010 NB: there is no ITU-T recommendation specific to the evaluation of the conformity of the SPF, such is the purpose of the draft recommendation K. arcb

10. 10 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 DESIGN/ CONSTRUCTION / DEPLOYMENT INITIAL CHECK Installation of external and internal SPF and establishment of PV from recipe Verification of compliance of achievements to the Specifications -Visual Inspection; -Full Inspection according to the package leaflet for verification Identification of feared events Establishment of a PTAC adapted to the risk of the lightning Periodic checking COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO DESIGN, DEPLOY, AND MAINTENANCE OF A SPF

11. 11 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 MAXIMUM PERIODICITY The maximum periodicity of inspection of a SPF is: * Included: all facilities containing sensitive internal networks, venues of large assemblies.

12. 12 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 OPERATING MODE

13. 13 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 Date and time of inspection of the external SPF Date of last inspection of the external SPF Lightning conductors : Existing Non-Existent digging : Existing Non-ExistentConductor Type: Section of the frames of the pylon < 125 Mm²> 125 Mm² Condition of the mounting collars of the downward conductor Good OxideNumber.... Continuity of the downward conductor Good Bad Seat Belts / strips of land : Low High GSM FH Technical Local Slab outdoor The earthing of equipment: Antennas 2G/ 3G/ 4G Radio Module of 2G/ 3G/LTE Antennas FH/ODU Feeders Generator (if existing) Grid of air conditioning condenser Shelter Array of energy The earthing of metal parts: Media antennas 2G/ 3G/ 4G Media antennas FH Feet pylon All guy wires Closure Feet of shelter control seal Existing Non-existent Status: Good Gradient Counter of lightning Existing Non-existent Status: Good  Gradient Electric continuity test of the SPF Good Bad Observation: Sheet of periodic inspection of the system of external protection

14. 14 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015

15. 15 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 Sheet of inspection of the system of earthing SHEET OF INITIAL INSPECTION Plan for installation of the system for earthingAvailableUnavailable Installation Plan conforming to ITU-T recommendation in forceYesNon Route of the trenches conforming to the projected planYesNon Depth of excavation conforming to the projected planYesNon Existence of all interconnecting componentsYesNon Conditions of the components of the system for earthingGoodBad Identity of the nature of the componentsYesNon The different natures of used components Surface of the conductor ConductorsAdaptedUnsuitable Correct Interconnection of componentsYesNon Electrical continuity test of the system for earthingGoodBad System of protection taking into account all parts of the system of protecting in accordance with the result of the analysis of the lightning risk YesNon

16. 16 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 Sheet of inspection of the system of earthing SHEET OF PERIODIC INSPECTION Spot of inspection Existing Non-existent Status: Good Gradient Labelling of land: Necessary Not necessaryExistingNon-Existent Status of the labelling Good Gradient System for earthing Existing Non-Existent Good Degraded Electrical continuity test of the system for earthing GoodBad Observation: METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF THE RESISTANCE OF THE EARTHING (less than or equal to 10 ohms) Alignment E, S and H Distance EH = … … … … … … … …m MEASURE HAS 3P 52%62%72% RE Isolated RE interconnected RE isolated in 62% of the last measurement of the system for earthing Observation:

17. 17 DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 METHOD OF DEFAULTING LOOP IMPEDANCE (ref in accordance with the sensitivity of the circuit breaker) Z SZ S -------- R SR S Observation: METHOD OF MEASURING THE TOTAL RESISTANCE OF THE SPF Resistance value of the interconnected system of protection against lightning ≤ 0.2 Ω RΩ Sheet of inspection of the system of the earthing

18. CONCLUSION At the end of this presentation, we could recall that the impacts of lightning on the radio-electrical base stations in particular or in their vicinity are dangerous for people and the services provided. These impacts caused many interruptions of services, hence financial losses and more and more litigation between site managers, operators and residents in the neighborhoods of those sites. The verification of compliance with the standards in the design and installation of the SPF of radio-electrical sites, coupled with regular monitoring of compliance is by far the effective means of the implementation of the precautionary principle. We therefore recommend to the regulators and operators, as far as they are concerned to observe these good practices that allow stating liabilities in case of damage and mitigating the unavailability of services offered. DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015 18

19. 19 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015