1. GINA GNSS for INnovative road Applications : THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR GNSS for INnovative road Applications 22/09/2009 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009

2. 22/09/2009Page 2 1.Introduction 2.The GINA project approach and innovation 3.The use of integrity in road pricing 4.The project trials 5.The impact of road pricing in pollution and congestion management 6.Conclusions CONTENTS GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

3. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 3 INTRODUCTION Big challenges in the road sector: safety / infrastructure financing / congestion & pollution Still obstacles for large scale take off of GNSS-based services –technical and economical feasibility –GPS performances Electronic Fee Collection systems (urban and highways): a reality. GNSS presents advantages wrt DSRC for wide networks GINA will address the adoption of EGNOS/GALILEO in the road sector considering the technical feasibility of the concept on a large scale, its economic viability and positive impacts on congestion and pollution GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

4. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 4 THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION(I) –GINA: Collaborative Project, 24 months 2.2 M (~1.3 M funded) 12 partners / 7 countries, whole value chain –GINA: project co-funded by GSA/EC, FP7 GALILEO Call 1, coordinated by GMV –Collaborative Project, Activity: Exploiting the full potential, Area: Mass Market Applications, Topic: GALILEO-2007-1.1-01 Innovative GNSS-based Road Applications GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

5. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 5 THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION(II) GINA main objectives: Analysis of context of a nation-wide GNSS-based RUC (and VAS) with especial emphasis on market and business potential Trials: Dutch ABvM as a reference A solid dissemination strategy Progress in the adoption of GNSS in the road sector OBUs positions with integrity (validated in CLoCCS, ABvM) Real applications: ABvM & end-users (ARVAL) requirements Close to commercialization. Adoption and replication 1 OBU –multiple services GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

6. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 6 THE USE OF GNSS FOR ROAD USER CHARGING GNSS: flexibility and cost-efficiency in large-scale RUC schemes 2 major challenges: Satellite positioning originally developed for user assisted by technology – In contrast, a charging scheme less likely to be treated friendly by users Inherent weaknesses in satellite positioning: in some applications (e.g. navigation) mitigated with human information processing. In automated systems (e.g. tolling) legal implications =>challenge: navigation grade components for financial grade systems GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

7. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 7 CHARGING SCHEMES AND GEO- OBJECTS Different Charging Schemes (distance based, time-based, zone based….) GP0 GP1 GP2 GP3 GP4 GP5 Basic first step: identify whether the vehicle is using the infrastructure -> geo object : Cordon; Virtual Gantry; Segment Geo-object id. to define total fixed charge (London) or special tariffs(e.g. kilometer price, NL) GNSS (alone or combined with other sensors) is also used in distance based systems The Geo-object identification is critical: Incorrect identification can have and impact in the charge computation GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

8. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 8 MISSION REQUIREMENTS Basic use of GNSS to identify whether (and when) the vehicle is within the geo-object. Potential use to measure travelled distance In this approach two main mission requirements appear: A high percentage of vehicles within the geo-object have to be identified: charging AVAILABILITY Example of not fulfilment Error Real Position GNSS Position Real Position Example of not fulfilment Error GNSS Position An extremely low percentage of the vehicles not within the geo-object identified within the object: OVERCHARGING probability GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

9. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 9 THE REQUIREMENTS (EFC) EC EFC documentation reviewed by Expert Group 9 (11/2006): Charging Availability: … geo-objects are guaranteed to be successfully recognised with a success rate of at least 99.99%. Overcharging Probability: False recognition of a geo-object should be less than 1 in 10 6 Second one is much more demanding: figure itself and affects a potentially larger population System has to be specially designed to satisfy it. GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

10. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 10 GPS BASED POSITION ERRORS GPS has very good average performances but: Ionosphere Satellite failures: –15 satellite failures per year –about 100s of metres (!) NLOS Multipath: in urban and semi-urban environments multipath provokes large errors (> 100 m with probability >0.1%) Interferences (deliberate or non-deliberate) / Spoofing) GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

11. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 11 SOLUTIONS TO AVOID OVERCHARGING Error Specific algorithms needed in the Rxr Low Cost OBU Two solutions: Protection Level Error 2) Position integrity Errors bounded by computed Protection Level. Simple. Truly GNSS-only system. Real position GNSS solution 1) Additional sensors and/or roadside infrastructure: complex, expensive GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

12. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 12 APPLICATION OF GNSS TO ROAD CHARGING Vehicle is charged only when inside the geo-object: 1 or more PLs totally inside the geo-object=> geo-fencing based on PLs (not on calculated position) I-10 OBU (GMV allroad) in GINA will calculate positions with integrity (PLs computation) based on specific algorithms. Additionally all requested functionalities (e.g. Communications, geo-fencing in fat and smart architectures, etc.) GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

13. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 13 THE TRIALS (I) –Large scale demonstrator at national scale (in Netherlands) for RUC and VAS (PAYD and traffic information) –2 levels: Exhaustive performance analysis: EGNOS/Galileo performance (as compared with very accurate references) in terms of GNSS performance, distance measurement, GEO objects identification, charging performance, vs. Other systems (GPS or others) End-to-end performance analysis: overall assessment of system capabilities and exhaustive analysis for variables where a reference is not needed. GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

14. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 14 THE TRIALS (II) GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

15. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 21/02/2014Page 15 IMPACT ON POLLUTION AND CONGESTION MANAGEMENT While debate on Eurovignette Directive which lays down common rules on pricing of transport infrastructure, motivated by the greening of surface transport and the need to internalise external costs: Pollution / Noise / Traffic congestion CO2 emissions: car model + driving behaviour Data collected during GINA trials processed to relate RUC and VAS with pollution and congestion GNSS + CANbus information + drivers feedback => how green driving of trials participants has been GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

16. 16 th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009 22/09/2009Page 16 CONCLUSIONS Great challenges in road sector Satellite navigation: advantages for RUC but GPS weaknesses. Position integrity: Correct charging, against overcharging GINA: totally operational large-scale demonstrator of a RUC (+VAS) scheme in the Netherlands (future ABvM). Dutch ABvM: => results to show GNSS potential to key stakeholders European standards, regulation and interoperability guidelines GNSS + CANbus + drivers feedback => how green driving 1 OBU – multiple services Special emphasis on market potential and business model analysis GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

17. Thank you! Sara Gutiérrez Lanza GMV - sgutierrez@gmv.com