2. USA today is the leading industrial nation in the world. Why? industrial nation in the world. Why? Wealth of resources Explosion of inventions Growing urban population providing providing markets for markets for new products new products

3. Early key to industrial expansion: discovery of oil in U. S. discovery of oil in U. S. 1859—Edwin L. Drake—Titusville, PA. Use steam engine to drill PA. Use steam engine to drill for oil. for oil. Began oil boom: KY, OH, IL, IN Led to oil-based kerosene and gasoline

4. Deposits of coal and iron ore also led to industrial strength. led to industrial strength. Coal: PA, OH, WV, VA, KY Iron ore: Mesabi Range of MN—100 mi by 3 mi mi by 3 mi

5. Removing carbon from iron makes a lighter, more flexible, rust- a lighter, more flexible, rust- resistant metal: resistant metal: Steel Steel Bessemer Process (1850, Englishman Henry Bessemer) Englishman Henry Bessemer) injected air into molten injected air into molten iron to remove carbon iron to remove carbon and transform it into and transform it into steel. steel. By 1880, 90% of Steel-> US By 1880, 90% of Steel-> US

6. Largest American customers for steel: steel: Railroads Others as well: barbed wire, plows, etc. plows, etc. Steel transformed the face of the USA of the USA

7. http://yout u.be/QldVb EfrSvA http://yout u.be/QldVb EfrSvA Robber Barons…

8. Andrew Carnegie Born extremely poor, Carnegie was determined to push for a better life. Three years after arriving in the U.S.A. the young Carnegie began writing to his friends in Scotland extolling the great virtues of American democracy whilst disparaging and criticising "feudal British institutions". http://youtu.be/-_GQuhOK_lc

9. In 1851 he became a Telegraph Messenger boy in the Pittsburgh Office of the Ohio Telegraph Company, at $2.50 per week. This to the young Carnegie seemed a fortune. During this pre-war period he had formed a partnership with a Mr. Woodruff, an inventor. His invention was; sleeping cars for railways. The great distances that railways had to transverse, had meant stopping for the night at Hotels and Inns by the Railside. The Sleeping Car sped up travel and the opening up of the West tremendously. It proved a great success, and a source of great fortune for Woodruff and Carnegie. Following his good fortune, Carnegie proceeded to increase it still further through fortunate and careful investments in 1864 of Storey Farm on Oil Creek, in Venango County, Pennsylvania, which cost $40,000, and yielded in one year over $1,000,000 in cash dividends, and where the oil wells secured a large profit.

10. Man does not live by bread alone. I have known millionaires starving for lack of the nutriment which alone can sustain all that is human in man, and I know workmen, and many so-called poor men, who revel in luxuries beyond the power of those millionaires to reach. It is the mind that makes the body rich. There is no class so pitiably wretched as that which possesses money and nothing else. Money can only be the useful drudge of things immeasurably higher than itself. Exalted beyond this, as it sometimes is, it remains Caliban still and still plays the beast. My aspirations take a higher flight. Mine be it to have contributed to the enlightenment and the joys of the mind, to the things of the spirit, to all that tends to bring into the lives of the toilers of Pittsburgh sweetness and light. I hold this the noblest possible use of wealth. Carnegies advice…

11. Carnegie establishes over 1600 libraries in the U.S. http://youtu.be/fM TOXJ-mwak http://youtu.be/fM TOXJ-mwak

12. Brooklyn Bridge—1883 First bridge to use steel cables. 1,595 span of East River in NYC At the time, its towers were higher than any human-made structure than any human-made structure except the pyramids of Egypt. except the pyramids of Egypt.

13. William Le Baron Jenney—designed first skyscraper with a steel frame: first skyscraper with a steel frame: The Home Insurance Building in The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, IL. Chicago, IL. Strength of steel frames allowed architects and allowed architects and engineers to design engineers to design buildings as high as buildings as high as they could. they could.

14. Strong as steel!

15. We built this city…

16. Thomas Alva Edison—Menlo Park, NJ World’s first research laboratory laboratory Incandescent light bulb System of producing and distributing and distributing electric power—national electric power—national system of power plants system of power plants

17. Thomas Edison American Inventor 1847 -1931 Hell, there are no rules here—we're trying to accomplish something. —Thomas Edison "Be courageous! Whatever setbacks America has encountered, it has always emerged as a stronger and more prosperous nation...." "Be brave as your fathers before you. Have faith and go forward" " http://youtu.be/gJ 1Mz7kGVf0 http://youtu.be/gJ 1Mz7kGVf0 http://youtu.be/Js6CZPD5XfE

18. Edison’s harnessing of electric power Edison’s harnessing of electric power completely changed the nature of completely changed the nature of American business American business Spurred invention of numerous appliances appliances Electric streetcars—helped outward spread of cities spread of cities Also, factories could be located could be located away from sources away from sources of power of power

19. Other inventions Christopher Sholes Invented typewriter in 1867 in 1867 James Dunsmore— improved typewriter for market in improved typewriter for market in 1873 1873 http://youtu.be/- n1FDu2GZ8M

20. Other inventions Alexander Graham Bell Invented the telephone in 1876 in 1876 Coast-to-coast service by 1915 http://youtu.be/QfLWtebubtY

21. Overall, industry contributed to an improved standard of living in USA improved standard of living in USA 1890—average work week=10 hours Phonographs bicycles cameras New opportunities for recreation recreation

22. http://youtu.be/h3vT4ZyFEVg Most influential…

23. http://youtu.b e/h5cAqp2OcI 4

24. And the greatest new Innovation?

25. Toilets that flush!ThomasCrapper—but did not solve the sanitation problem as long as sewage poured into open ditches or streams http://youtu.be/WN UuJfshDGI http://youtu.be/WN UuJfshDGI

26. What’s next? http://youtu.be/cc 9Hu7bqQYo http://youtu.be/cc 9Hu7bqQYo