1. C URVED LENSES 13.1, 13.3, 13.4

2. D IVERGING LENS, C ONCAVE SHAPE F

3. C ONVERGING LENS, C ONVEX SHAPE

4. PATH DEVIATION Air to glass – bends towards the normal Glass to air – bends away from normal RAY CONVERGES NOTICE THAT THE DEVIATION OF THE LIGHT RAY (X) INCREASES IF THE THICKNESS OF THE LENS INCREASES X

5. F2F F O object OPTICAL CENTRE 2F’F’ L ENS DIAGRAM SET UP VIRTUAL FOCAL POINT

6. F2F F O object HOW DO WE KNOW WHICH SIDE IS REAL AND WHICH SIDE IS VIRTUAL? REMEMBER THAT PREVIOULY THE REAL SIDE IS WHEREVER THE OBSERVER WHO IS SEEING THE IMAGE IS LOCATED…WHEN DEALING WITH LENSES, WHICH SIDE IS THIS? VIRTUAL REAL OPTICAL CENTRE 2F’F’

7. F2F F O object 2F’F’ RAY #1: Any ray that is parallel to the PA is refracted through the F RAY #2: Any ray that pass through F is refracted parallel to PA RAY #3: Any ray that passes through O continues through USE SAME CONCEPTS AS THE ONES USED IN MIRRORS

8. SPECIAL CASES WITH CONVERGING LENSES ( P. 377)

9. F2F F O 2F’F’ Object beyond 2F’: image is real, inverted, smaller

10. F2F F O 2F’F’  Object at 2F’: image is inverted, same size, real

11. F2F F O 2F’F’  Object between F’ and 2F’: image is beyond 2F, real inverted, larger

12. F2F F O 2F’F’  Object at F’: no image Light rays remain parallel and don’t converge thus no image formed

13. F2F F O 2F’F’  Object between lens and F’: image is virtual, erect, larger

14. RULES WITH DIVERGING LENSES

15. F2F F object 2F’F’ RAY #1: Any ray that is parallel to the PA appears to be refracted through the F’ RAY #2: Any ray that appears to pass through F is refracted parallel to PA RAY #3: Any ray that passes through O continues through