1. Cell Structure and Function

2. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular – made of one cell iii. No cellular organs (organelles) iv. Ex: bacteria

3. 2. Eukaryotes i. DNA is held in the nucleus ii. Contains organelles iii. Eukaryotic cells are MUCH BIGGER then Prokaryotic cells. iv. Can be multicellular or unicellular v. Ex: animals, plants, fungi, protist

4. III. Discovery of Cells 1. Robert Hooke i. British scientist who first observed and named cells ii. studied bark of trees in 1665 2. Virchow i. Russian Scientist came up with the Cell Theory: 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of organization 3. All cells come from preexisting cells

5. IV. What are Organelles? I. Tiny organs of a Eukaryotic cell II. Most organelles have an outer membrane layer. i. Membranes are made of lipids ii. The lipid membranes keep the inside of the organelle separate from the outside. (like a wall) III. Each Organelle has a job to do. IV. There are a lot of different organelles.

6. 1. Plasma membrane i. Structure and Security ii. Surrounds the entire cell iii. Made of Phospholipids and Proteins

7. 2. *Cell Wall- (Plants Only) i. Used for structure (Helps plants stand up) ii. Surrounds the entire cell (even the plasma membrane) iii. Like a solid wall

8. 3. Cytoplasm- Work Area (Not really an organelle) i. The fluid that makes up the inside of the cell. ii. Organelles and proteins work in this space.

9. 4. Nucleus- main office i. Where the DNA is kept. a. DNA is the blueprint for making proteins ii. Ribosomes are made in the nucleus.

10. 5. Ribosomes- worker-bees i. They help make proteins

11. 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) i. Two Types a. Rough ER- Finishes protein- Specialized proteins are completed here and shipped off to other parts of the cell. i. Located next to the nucleus. ii. Where ribosomes are located. b. Smooth ER- Makes Lipids / Breakdown toxins

12. 7.Golgi Complex i.Package & ships proteins to other parts of the cell. a.Golgi receives and sends proteins in objects called Vesicles.

13. 8.Lysosomes i.recycling & waste removal a.Can break up food particles into smaller parts for cell to use. b.Can break down old useless organelles

14. 9.*Chloroplast (Plants Only) i.Converts light into Carbohydrates. a.Carbohydrates are used by the cell for energy!

15. 10.Mitochondria i.Provides cell with energy! a.Does this by breaking down Carbohydrates.

16. 11.Vacuole i.Stores water and waste/toxins ii.In plants, puts pressure against the cell wall to keep cell rigid.

17. 12.Cilia & Flagella i.Cillia - catches particles ii.Flagella - used for movement.

18. 1. 7. “Flat Pancakes” 6. “Cutting Body” 2. DNA is held there 3. “little black dots found on Rough ER” 5. 4. Cell Boundary line

19. Comparison of Animal and Plant cells Plant-like Animal-like Fungus-like Lysosome Vesicle