1. Department of School Health Adolescent Health in Japan -School Problems- Kozue Kishimoto & Tomiko Hokama Department of Health Administration, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus

2. University of the Ryukyus Education system in Japanese school age grade elementary school junior high school high school

3. University of the Ryukyus Number of School in 2005 Elementary schools : 23,124 (73 national, 22,857 public, 194 private) Junior high schools : 11,035 (76 national, 10,238 public, 721 private) High schools : 5,418 (15 national, 4,082 public, 1,321 private) Combined junior and senior high schools : 19 (2 national, 8 public, 9 private) special training colleges : 3,438 (13 national, 200 public, 3,225 private) schools for people with disabilities : 1002 (71 the visually impaired, 106 the hearing impaired, 825 disabilities)

4. University of the Ryukyus Total number of schoolchildren (2005) Elementary school : 7,197,460 Junior high school : 3,626,416 High school : 3,605,243

5. University of the Ryukyus School problems Violence Bullying School refusal Cigarette smoking Alcohol drinking Sexually related problems others

6. University of the Ryukyus Incidence of Violence Source: the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

7. University of the Ryukyus Incidence of Bullying Source: the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

8. University of the Ryukyus Prevalence of school refusal （ absences more than 30 days) (%) Source: the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 0.3% (a person/300) 2.7% (a person/37)

9. University of the Ryukyus Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking (2000) (%) Age (years) Source: the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

10. University of the Ryukyus National Action Plan for school problems Improvement of school environment, fostering and facilitating to attend school Service for psychological education Development faculty and teaching system Promoting cooperation among school, family and community Development of education counseling system ( provision of school counselor)

11. University of the Ryukyus National action plan for school refusal Provision of education support center School supporting network Free school system Extension of requirement for entrance into high school

12. University of the Ryukyus Role of school counselors Advice and support for staff of school Counseling for school children and their parents Faculty development for education guidance

13. University of the Ryukyus Number of schools with school counselor Source: the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology