2. The Great Depression The 1930’s

3. The Crash Black Tuesday Boom market>increased speculation>great sell-off Oct ‘29 America enters the Great Depression

5. Effects Bottoms out in ’32? Full recovery took a decade Drop in GDP, bank runs, 25- 30% unemployed by ’32 End to Republican dominance Reemergence of union movement & radicalism

6. The Depression Worsens Hoover’s Policies –Prosperity will return, part of the cycle –Relief should come from states and localities

7. Actions of Hoover Tariff war Domestic programs –Federal Farm Board Hold surplus – too moderate to stabilize prices –Reconstruction Finance Corp Loans to RRs, banks, insurance cos Trickle down

8. Protest The Bonus Army –Summer of ’32 –WWI vets march on Washington petitioning for army bonuses –Tear gas, tanks, and the end of Hoover Farmers rise up Hoovervilles

12. FDR & the NEW DEAL Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected in 1932 w/60% of pop vote Calls for a new deal Dem majorities in both Houses

15. New Deal The 3 R’s –Relief, Recovery, Reform –The 1 st Hundred Days Bank Holiday –Closed until reorganized Repeal of Prohibition Fireside Chats

16. 1 st Hundred Relief –FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration) –PWA (Public Works) –CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) –TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) Financial Recovery Programs –Emergency Banking Relief Act –FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corp) –HOLC (Home Owners Loan Corp) –Farm Credit Administration

17. 1 st Hundred Industrial recovery program –NRA (National Recovery Admin) –Set wages, production levels –Unconstitutional (Schechter v U.S. 1935) Farm production control program –AAA (Agr. Adjustment Admin) –Subsidies for non-production –Unconstitutional

18. The Dust Bowl The Dust Bowl - farmers crops literally blown away or buried OK, KS, CO Okies head west but find few jobs (fruit picking, odd jobs)

24. Life During the Depression Women – lower pay, more working, family strain African Americans – hardest hit, excluded from relief programs, increase in lynchings, little support from FDR

25. Continued Mexican Americans – Discrimination in society & ND, increase in white migrant labor, some return to Mexico N. Americans – John Collier (BIA) brought CCC to reservations, NA included in WPA –Indian Reorganization Act 1934 Repealed Dawes, NA culture ok, no real NA control

26. 2 nd New Deal WPA (Work Progress) 1935 – Harry Hopkins, bridges, roads, pub buildings Resettlement Admin – loans to small/sharecroppers, housing for migrants Nation Labor Relations Act (Wagner) 1935 REA (Rural Electrification) Increased taxes on wealthy Social Security Act 1935

27. Election of 1936 Landslide win for FDR New Deal Coalition 1930’s- 60’s

28. Critic of The New Deal Liberals – too much for business Conservatives – socialism!!! Demagogues – Father Coughlin (National Union for Social Justice) Dr. Francis Townsend – the Townsend Plan > SS Huey Long “Share the Wealth” –Assassinated will running for Pres