1. Kingdom Protista

2. Protists
Can be divided into plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like groups
Important members of the phytoplankton and zooplankton
We will concentrate on plant-like and animal-like

3. Plant-like Protists Algae Diatoms Dinoflagellates
Aquatic (freshwater or marine)
Found anywhere you find tiny drops of water
Photosynthetic
Cell walls containing cellulose
Can be green, red or brown
Color reflects concentration of pigments in chloroplasts
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates

4. Green Algae Phylum Chlorophyta Majority live in freshwater
Reproduce asexually and sexually
Most unicellular
Ex: Sea Lettuce (Ulva)
Marine algae
Resembles a large leaf of lettuce
Reproduces sexually

6. Red Algae Phylum Rhodophyta Primarily marine, found in warm oceans
Red pigment masks green color of chlorophyll
Can grow on rocks and other algae & plants
Some can be parasitic
Important uses:
Agar-used for culture media for growing bacteria
Irish moss-used to make a type of pudding
Porphyra-used to make sushi, soups, seasonings

8. Brown Algae Phylum Phaeophyta
Marine, found in cooler water & along shores
Yellow pigment masks green chlorophyll
Can be microscopic to 100 meters in size
Reproduce sexually
Ex: rockweed, kelp
Important uses:
Algin-used in cosmetics & food industry
Iodine- concentrated in kelp tissues, harvested for table salt

10. Diatoms Phylum Bacillariophyta Unicellular Microscopic
Freshwater & marine
Mainly reproduce asexually, reproduce sexually when reach a certain size
Provide much of the world’s oxygen
Yellow pigments that mask chlorophyll

11. Cell walls formed by double shell, 2 halves (frustules) fit together like box
Shell made of silica (glass-like material)
Can’t be decomposed and recycled by bacteria
Shells accumulate on bottom of sea, may form sedimentary rocks & deposits called diatomaceous earth
Deposits mined & used for swimming pool filters, silver polish, toothpaste

13. Dinoflagellates Phylum Pyrrophyta Unicellular
Armored in stiff cellulose walls
2 flagella used in locomotion
Contain chlorophyll
Reproduce asexually
Some produce powerful toxins, are parasites, or symbionts

15. Animal-Like Protists Known as Protozoa Mostly heterotrophic
Abundant in damp soil, fresh, and marine water
Include: Amoeba, Foraminiferans, Paramecium, Radiolarians

16. Amoebas Unicellular Found in mud & sandy bottoms of marine habitats
Move by pseudopodia- “false foot”, push forward in finger-like projections of cytoplasm
Use to surround & engulf prey
Reproduce by binary fission

18. Foraminiferans Shelled amoebas Marine Reproduce sexually & asexually
Shell made of calcium chloride, has many chambers
Many small openings through which pseudopodia project
Marine
Reproduce sexually & asexually
Shells of dead foraminiferans make up special sediments
Some is brought to surface & forms chalk deposits
Ex: White Cliffs of Dover, English Channel

20. Radiolarians Shells made of silica Reproduce sexually Marine
Small openings w/ pseudopodia projecting outward
Reproduce sexually
Marine
Live throughout the different zones of the oceans

22. Paramecium Phylum Ciliophora Unicellular Marine & freshwater
Distinct anterior & posterior ends
Move by cilia
Short, whip-like extensions that beat in rhythm