1. Scientific Revolution

2. Why did it start? … The Renaissance! Secular Critical Thinking Access to Classics

3. The Stargazers Men who Studied the Heavens

4. Ptolemy - Astronomer 2 nd Century (100s AD) – Rome Geocentric World View Christianity follows Ptolemy’s ideas!

5. Nicholas Copernicus - Astronomer 1543 – Poland On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres Heliocentric world view

6. Johannes Kepler – Astronomer and Mathematician Used math to prove Copernican model correct (heliocentric universe) Discovered that planets follow elliptical orbits (not circular)

7. Galileo Galilei – Astronomer and Physicist Italy First to use (and improve) telescope Discovered Jupiter’s moons, Moon’s craters Brought heliocentric ideas into more common use

8. Galileo’s conflict with the Church Church disagreed with Copernican ideas, put Galileo on trial (1610) Forced to choose: recant or be executed Galileo recants

9. The Thinkers Men who Pondered the World

10. Isaac Newton – Mathematician, Astronomer, and Physicist Principia (1642) Invented Calculus Discovered Law of Gravity

11. Isaac Newton – Mathematician, Astronomer, and Physicist Discovered/Formed Laws of Motion For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction An object will remain at rest or in motion unless an outside force acts upon it (inertia) Force = Mass x Acceleration Viewed world as a machine built on natural laws that can be understood!

12. Francis Bacon - Lawyer England Experimental Thinking Popularizes Scientific Method Founds English Royal Society (scientists share ideas)

13. Rene Descartes – Scientist, Mathematician, Philosopher Discovered laws of Optics, founder of Analytic Geometry Discourse on Method (1637)

14. Rene Descartes – Scientist, Mathematician, Philosopher Separate Mind and Body (Rational Thinking!) Doubt everything; try to prove it! I think…therefore I am!

15. Studying the Body and the World Men who wondered about the physical sciences

16. Vesalius - Physician On the Fabric of the Human Body (1543) Human Dissections Founds ANATOMY

17. William Harvey - Physician On the Motion of the Heart and Blood (1628) Blood circulates! Disproves theories of Galen (Greek)

18. Leeuwenhoek - Naturalist Dutch Perfected the microscope Studied microorganisms

19. What was the impact of the Scientific Revolution?

20. On Philosophy Strengthened enlightenment ideas… question everything! Prove everything!

21. On Religion The Church refused to embrace the Enlightenment Huge conflict between thinkers and clergy

22. On the World Changed the way people thought about life Attitudes towards society and government shifted Question everything!