1. Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in the Netherlands and impact of serogroup C vaccination National surveillance data (Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis (NRLBM); 1960-2012): N=15,412 cases of culture-positive invasive meningococcal disease (CSF: 56% − blood only: 5% − CSF + blood: 19%) 1999-2001: serogroup C epidemic → 2002: introduction of serogroup C conjugate vaccination at age 14 mo Bijlsma MW et al. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14:805-12 1 of 2

2. Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in the Netherlands and impact of serogroup C vaccination 2003: emergence of serogroup Y + disappearance of serogroup A disease Evidence of meningococcal capsular switching, but not of serogroup replacement Isolates with reduced penicillin susceptibility: 1993: 0.9% → 2012: 37% Isolates with penicillin resistance: none Large-scale vaccination with a meningococcal C conjugate vaccine has resulted in the near disappearance of serogroup C invasive meningococcal disease in the Netherlands Bijlsma MW et al. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14:805-12 2 of 2

3. Association between psychological stress and herpes zoster (HZ) Retrospective database analysis (medical claims data from Truven Health MarketScan ® Commercial Databases, USA, 2002-2011): N=39,811 adults ≥25 yr experiencing acute psychological stress, i.e abrupt death or catastrophic health event occurring in previously healthy spouse Self-controlled case series method: compare HZ events during 3-mo risk window following stress to 3-mo control window (day 120-31) prior to stress: Assess: –Incidence (number of episodes) –% of all outpatient healthcare (HC) services → control for changes in health seeking behaviour that might occur in persons experiencing stress Positive control: mental health visits: comparison risk vs control window Harpaz R. IDWeek 2014 abs. 1130 1 of 2 Data from poster

4. Incidence (RI: relative incidence) % of all outpatient healthcare services (RR: relative risk) Association between psychological stress and herpes zoster (HZ) Psychological stress does not seem to be a risk factor for HZ in adults Harpaz R. IDWeek 2014 abs. 1130 2 of 2 Data from poster