1. Polymer
large
molecules
atoms
Synthetic Macromolecules
Natural Macromolecules
thousand
types
Man-made
example
plastics
nature
proteins
nylon
Organic
fats
Carbohydrate
giant

2. ORGANIC MACROMOELCULES
Are giant molecules containing thousands of atoms
There are two types of macromolecules(polymer)
Synthetic Macromolecules are man-made
polymer for example plastics, trylene and nylon
Natural Macromolecules- They exist in nature
For example proteins, fats and carbohydrates

3. Objectives At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to
define a monomer, polymer and the process of polymerisation
describe macromolecules in terms of large molecules built from small units
draw the structure of polymer from a given alkene eg Polyethene
draw other types of polymer such as PVC Polystyrene and Teflon

4. Lesson Sequence MACROMOLECULES SYNTHETIC POLYMER NATURAL POLYMER
ADDITION
POLYMERISATION
CONDENSATION
POLYMERISATION
USES
USES
USES

5. MONOMERS
POLYMERISATION
MACROMOLECULE

6. Polymerisation is the process of joining together a large number of small molecules in a form of a chain
A Monomer is the small molecules which is one link of the chain of the molecules
A polymer is the long chain of molecules

7. Addition Polymerisation
Addition polymerisation is a process whereby monomers of the same kind link to form a long chain molecules without any gain or loss of material C = H C H
Ethene
-double bond breaks up, two single bonds are available for bonding with other ethene molecules

8. C H
These units link up to form POLYETHENE C H

9. USES ADVANTAGES 1. Plastics bags, sheets, film
2. Plastics bottles, buckets, containers
3. Insulating covering for telephone cables
ADVANTAGES
1. Light, easily moulded
2. Non-electric conductor

10. PolyVinylChloride PVC= H Cl C = H Cl C = H Cl
Monomer
Vinyl Chloride
Monochloroethene C =
--->Double bond open up C H Cl
PolyVinylChloride PVC

11. USES ADVANTAGES 1. Making water pipes 2. Insulating material
3. Waterproof materials eg raincoat
ADVANTAGES
1. Prevent rust
2. Non-electric conductor
3. Waterproof

12. POLYSTYRENE POLYSTYRENE C = H C6H5 C = H C6H5 C = H C6H5 C = C H C6H5
Monomer
Styrene C =
--->Double bond open up C H
C6H5
POLYSTYRENE

13. USES ADVANTAGES 1. Making medicine bottles
2. Making foams used in ceiling tiles and packaging
ADVANTAGES
1. Light, unbreakable
2. Heat insulator, protect fragile apparatus

14. POLYTETRAFLUOROETHENE PTFE
TEFLON C = F C = F C = F
Monomer
Tetrafluoroethene C =
--->Double bond open up C F
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHENE PTFE

15. USES ADVANTAGES 1. Non-stick saucepans 2. As lubricant
1. Non-stick surface, not affected by heat
2. Slippery surface

16. Condensation Polymerisation
Condensation polymerisation is a process two or more different types of monomers link to form a long chain polymer with elimination a small molecule such as water H
C6H4 C O
H2O
C2H4 O H +
Di-Carboxylic acid
Ethane 1,2 diol
The monomers are Di-carboxylic and ethane 1, 2 diol

17. TERYLENE
C2H4 O C
C6H4
Ester Linkage

18. NYLON H2O O C N H C6H4 H C6H4 1, 6 Hexane diamine
1, 6 Hexane dioic acid
C6H4 C O N H
Amide Linkage

19. USES PROPERTIES Terylene 1. As fibres for manufacture of clothing
2. Car safety belt
3. Yatch sails, climbing ropes
PROPERTIES
1. Dry rapidly, long lasting
2. Strong
3. Non-rotting

20. Nylon
USES
1. As fibres for use in ropes, stockings, shirts and other clothing
2. Replace steel parts in machines eg wheel bearing
PROPERTIES
1. Strong, light, great tensile strength
2. Smooth, hard and strong