1. Chapter 2 Section 2.4 Consumer Motivation

2. Marketers conduct research to find out what motivates consumers to make the purchases they make. MOTIVATION – the biological, emotional, rational, and/or social force that activates and directs behavior. MOTIVATION – the biological, emotional, rational, and/or social force that activates and directs behavior. Biological – dominate, basic human need for survival Biological – dominate, basic human need for survival Emotional – love, sympathy, joy, anger etc., motivate us to do things that are fun or protect us. Weigh the pleasure involved in owning a product and the pain involved in saving the money to buy it. Emotional – love, sympathy, joy, anger etc., motivate us to do things that are fun or protect us. Weigh the pleasure involved in owning a product and the pain involved in saving the money to buy it. Social Force - peer pressure and celebrity endorsements can influence buying decisions Social Force - peer pressure and celebrity endorsements can influence buying decisions

3. Motivational Theories Thorndike's Law of Effect Thorndike's Law of Effect Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Alderfer’s ERG Theory Alderfer’s ERG Theory

4. Thorndike’s Law of Effect Consumers are motivated to buy products that produce positive events (product works like it is suppose to), and avoid ones that produce negative events (does not work or crowded, noisy stores). Consumers are motivated to buy products that produce positive events (product works like it is suppose to), and avoid ones that produce negative events (does not work or crowded, noisy stores).

5. Mallow’s Hierarchy of Needs most basic need is at the bottom and once fulfilled, the next higher-level need becomes more important. most basic need is at the bottom and once fulfilled, the next higher-level need becomes more important.

6. Alderfer’s ERG Theory Includes only 3 levels of human needs: existence needs - physical & psychological needs for survival existence needs - physical & psychological needs for survival relatedness needs – for personal relationships relatedness needs – for personal relationships growth needs – self-fulfillment growth needs – self-fulfillment

7. Industrial/Institutional Consumer Demographics and psychographics are of little importance; base buying decisions on wants and needs or their company or organization. Demographics and psychographics are of little importance; base buying decisions on wants and needs or their company or organization. Focused on profitability of the company, try to keep expenses down, look for the best deal Focused on profitability of the company, try to keep expenses down, look for the best deal Will consider the convenience, (the closer the supplier the cheaper the shipping costs etc) Will consider the convenience, (the closer the supplier the cheaper the shipping costs etc) Will also consider the quality (less returns or breakdowns) Will also consider the quality (less returns or breakdowns)