1. Key terms required for today’s lesson: write them down, decide what you think they mean using the images Insight Latent content Manifest content – a dream as it appears to a dreamer Aha! That is why!

2. Learning Objective: to explore and evaluate psychodynamic therapies for phobias ALL will be able to describe the key features of psychodynamic therapies for phobias MOST will be able to analyse manifest and latent content of dreams SOME will be able to evaluate the worth of psychodynamic therapies for phobias

3. January 2013: Progress Measure Lily has a phobia of cars. This has become so extreme that she is almost a prisoner in her own home, refusing to go out. Lily is unable to watch cars on television, talk about cars or even look at pictures of them. Explain how a psychodynamic therapist might treat Lily’s phobia of cars. (3 marks)

4. Psychodynamic treatments for anxiety disorders What do psychodynamic theorists believe is the cause of phobias? Therefore the aim of the treatments which then propose is to provide an insight into what the unconscious is anxious about They do this by using techniques which lift the ego’s defence mechanisms

5. There are 2 key aspects to psychodynamic therapies 1.Free Association 2.Dream Analysis

6. Today you are working in study partners… One of you will learn about free association One of you will learn about dream analysis Then you will teach one another your part of the therapy!

7. Study partners – 12A Dream AnalysisFree Association ClareMacaulay ChristyChloe DanielleSarah KatieJake KaceyCaragh

8. Study partners – 12D Dream AnalysisFree Association Mary-JaneChloe AbbeyBecka HelenaCharis MeganAidan EhlanaMark JenMunashe FaithSophie ? LouiseNiamh AliceDanielle

9. Study partners – 12C Dream AnalysisFree Association AbiAmber AlexChloe Beth JChris KateBeth K JemmaKatie LewisLuke JessBeth R RebeccaCallum IndiaEmma

10. Free Association The patient is encouraged to relax and say anything and everything that comes to mind, no matter how odd As the patient relaxes the ego finds it difficult to manage the unconcious id impulses and these begin to slip through These unconscious impulses are brought into conscious awareness and the therapist interprets and explains the cause of the anxiety A02 (-) there are much quicker and simpler ways of dealing with anxiety e.g. systematic desensitisation A02 (-) psychodynamic therapies are expensive and time consuming, they can take many years to complete

11. Dream Analysis Freud believed dreams provided us with a path into the unconscious mind Repressed ideas in the unconscious which cause some form of anxiety are more likely to appear in dreams than when someone is awake Latent content = what the dream really represents Manifest content = the dream as it appears to a dreamer E.g. a person who is anxious about sex might dream of horse riding, manifest content = horse riding, latent content = anxiety about sex arising from a childhood trauma A02 (-) the analysis of the unconscious can prove traumatic for patients, because when the defence mechanisms are lifted, negative emotions such as guilt and fear are released

12. MANIFEST CONTENT – What do you think is the LATENT CONTENT?

13. Freud ‘the vast majority of symbols in dreams are sexual symbols’ Knife, umbrella, snake = Penis Box, oven, ship = Uterus Room, table with food = Women Staircase, ladder = Sexual intercourse Baldness, tooth removal = castration Left (direction) = crime, sexual deviation Fire = bedwetting Robber = father Falling = anxiety

14. Free Association http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUfv- tAfXn4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUfv- tAfXn4

15. January 2013: Progress Measure Lily has a phobia of cars. This has become so extreme that she is almost a prisoner in her own home, refusing to go out. Lily is unable to watch cars on television, talk about cars or even look at pictures of them. Explain how a psychodynamic therapist might treat Lily’s phobia of cars. (3 marks)

16. AO2 Up to 3 marks for explaining how a psychodynamic therapist would attempt to treat Lily’s phobia of cars. Credit should be awarded for detail of psychoanalytic techniques such as free association, dream analysis, etc. 1 mark for naming/describing a technique or techniques. 1 mark for explaining how this technique/techniques would be applied to Lily’s phobia. 1 mark for reference to the fact that the psychodynamic therapist would try to uncover the true source of the phobia/that Lily’s phobia of cars is symbolic of a deeper unconscious fear.