1. Reintroduction of Species It’s the right thing to do “and you know this, Man!”-- Smokey SEE-U 2001, Biosphere 2 Center, AZ Professor Tim Kittel, TA Erika Geiger Mei Ying Lai Lily Liew Adam Nix Eli Pristoop

2. No species is an island, Entire of itself. Each is a piece of the continent, A part of the main. If a confused condor with a fragmented habitat be washed away by the sea, The world is less. As well as if a Grey wolf were As well as if a member of the con group Or of their friends were, Each species’ death diminishes me, For I am involved in the living world. Therefore, send not to know For whom the bell tolls, It tolls for thee. (Paraphrased from “For Whom the Bell Tolls” by John Donne)

3. BIODIVERSITY ECOSYSTEM STABILITY ETHICS OTHER REASONS

4. Biodiversity Diversity leads to stability Resilience to diseases Genetic resources

5. Ecosystem Stability > As a human-controlled experiment. This time, we are reintroducing the species without human interference. We can explore other variables that may cause their extirpation. We need this knowledge in order to preserve other species, including ourselves > Preservation of species diversity > Enhancement of an existing population to maintain the ecosystem’s balance (food chain)

6. Ethics Morally obligated because they were already there Mankind interfered with their ways of life; it is our responsibility to restore their once-thriving population; only humans are capable of this reintroduction

7. Mankind’s Assault on Animal Way of Life Introduction of Disease Over-hunting Over-collection Pollution Poisoning Predation or Competition Introduced Species Habitat Loss Competition With Domestic Livestock

8. Other reasons Improving quality of human life; species may have medicinal, entertainment, or aspiration purposes (where would Monet be w/o water lilies??) Seeing Canis Lupis in the wild: Priceless Religion tells us that God created it, so we have no right to destroy it Economic benefit-If the species population is brought to a controlled level, than using this specie as a resource becomes possible. People will pay money to see, and eat rare species

9. GRAY WOLF Canis Lupus ( a case study) 14 wolves released into Yellow Stone National Park Principle aim of reintroduction should be: To establish a viable, free-ranging population in the wild To enhance the long-term survival of the species To reestablish keystone species in an ecosystem Maintain and restore natural biodiversity Provide long-term economical benefits to the local and/or national economy

10. Since the wolves kill elk (they kill one elk every one to five days, on average), the grizzly bears, foxes, bald eagles, and golden eagles can scavenge the elk meat that the wolves leave behind. The proliferation of available elk meat, and the reduction in the coyote population, has also meant that there are significantly more rodents for other predators to feed on. A study of genetic variation within and between populations of Grey Wolf and related taxa can also be helpful.

11. America Needs Reintroduction of Species

12. It’s Time To Bring Them Back!

13. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1) Conserving Species, Populations, and Genetic Diversity http://www.igc.apc.org/wri/biodiv/gbs-ix.html 2)Species reintroduction targeted http://www.bouldernews.com/news/statewest/05aleg.html 3) 3) Captive Breeding and Reintroduction of Endangered Species: A Resource Site http://www.ags.uci.edu/~mbarrows/http://www.ags.uci.edu/~mbarrows/ 4)Did Lynx Reintroduction Fail? http://archive.abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/lynx990311.html 5)IUCN/SSC Guidelines For Re-Introductions http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/pubs/policy/reinte.htm 6) 6) Extinction: http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/courses/EEB105/lectures/extinction/extinction.htmlhttp://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/courses/EEB105/lectures/extinction/extinction.html 7) IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group http://www.unife.it/biologia/conservazione/Re-introduzioni%20Documento%20IUCN.htm 8)IUCN/SSC Guidelines For Re-Introductions http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/pubs/policy/reinte.htm 9)CONSERVATION PART 4: Reintroduction: Should We, or Shouldn't We? http://www.geocities.com/~marylois/archiv52.html 10)Biodiversity: Should we try to prevent species from becoming extinct? http://www.publicdebate.com.au/is/723/f2.html 11)Requirements for Captive Propagation http://www.africaonline.co.ke/AfricaOnline/rsg/oct/propagation.html 12)Requirements for Captive Propagation http://www.gorp.com/gorp/activity/wildlife/wol_rndp.htm 13)Yellowstone's Wolf Reintroduction http://www.yellowstone-bearman.com/bearman/wolves.html