2. The Loop Design Challenge Start Gate Design Challenge The Hill Design Challenge The Figure 8Design Challenge The Stop Design Challenge

3.  CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

4. Mass Gravity

5.  Start of roller coaster  The cart is too heavy for the given track strength  The player will have to: › Lower the mass of the cart › OR strengthen the track

6. Mass is the measure of matter. If something is made up of 20 ping pong balls on earth it will be made up of 20 pin pong balls anywhere. The 20 ping pong balls is the objects mass. Weight is a measure of the effect of gravity on mass. Gravity on the earth is different from the gravity anywhere else. So the weight of the object will change depending on gravity.

7. Kinetic & Potential Energy Velocity Acceleration

8.  Coaster does not make it up the hill because it did not have enough kinetic energy to move it up the hill.

9.  Potential energy is calculated by the formula: PE = m x g x h where PE is the potential energy, m is the mass of the object, g is the force of gravity, and h is the height of the object.  Kinetic energy is calculated by the formula: E k = ½ mv 2 where E k is the kinetic energy, m is the mass of the object, and v is the velocity or speed of the object.

10.  Velocity is the distance traveled by an object divided by the time it took to get there.  Acceleration is the final velocity of an object subtracted by its initial velocity divided by the time elapsed.

11.  To fix this, the velocity and acceleration can be increased.  This can be achieved by raising the track before the hill giving the coaster more kinetic energy.  The hill could also be lowered so that less kinetic energy is required to make it up the hill.

12. Inertia

13.  The car does not make it around the figure 8 because it flies off the track

14.  Inertia is a resistance to change  To solve this challenge the student must learn how to compensate for the inertial mass of the car to prevent the car from continuing off of the curve.  CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

15. Get a cup, index card, and marble. Place the index card on the cup and the marble on the index card. Flick the index card out from under the marble Notice the marble falls into the cup because it resists moving forward. Inertia causes it to stay at rest. CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

16. POSSIBLE SOLUTION Banking the curves Changing the Mass Changing the Speed

17. Momentum

18. Bruno needs help finishing his “Shoelace Roller Coaster” Father does not know how heavy to make the train. Player must determine the mass of the train Father wants the velocity to be 10 m/s at point P and the momentum of the car is 15,000 kg*m/s. How much mass should the train have? The LOOP DESIGN CHALLENGE

19. The Design Challenge idea is based on the ride Sidewinder at Herseypark Train is lifted backwards and dropped Goes through a loop and climbs a hill that is too high for the train to reach the top Train reverses direction and goes through the track backwards.

20. Force or speed of movement; impetus as a physical object or course of events p = m × v In the sense of physics momentum is the quantitative description of inertia CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

21. II. The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector. III. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Newton 2nd and 3rd Law of Motion

22. p = m × v

23. Friction

24.  Friction is a force that acts against movement.  More friction will cause objects to slow faster, while less friction will cause the object to not slow down as quick.  All surfaces have invisible grooves that call the two surfaces to fuse which is friction.

25. An increase in weight causes an increase in friction.

26.  Lack of friction will cause the cart to shoot through the start point(shown in the video when the marble gets to the start and keeps going).  The player must find a way to stop the roller coaster so the riders can be let off and the next ride started.

27.  Player will have to increase friction.  The increase in friction towards the end of the roller coaster will cause the cart to slow down enough to be stopped once it returns to the start point.  Possible solutions would be for the player to add magnets or some type of friction pads on the track.