1. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 1 Online Open Peer Review: a brand new tool for the evaluation of articles Laura Cavazza Soprintendenza beni librari – Regione Emilia-Romagna Santander, 9th European Conference of Medical and Health Libraries, September 20-25, 2004

2. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 2 Introduction Introduction

3. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 3

4. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 4 Peer review: …lights & shadows

5. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 5 Definition PEER REVIEW is the revision of articles made by scholars who are peers to the author

6. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 6 Peer review

7. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 7 Definition (2) Peer review is an organized procedure carried out by a select committee of professionals in evaluating the performance of other professionals in meeting the standards of their specialty.' National Library of Medicine (2003) Medical Subject Headings, 2003 Mesh descriptor data,.

8. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 8 Action/function - quality filtre (QC/C) - guarantee of professional standards - unrestricted criticism (Rennie, 1999)

9. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 9 Traditional peer review Editor Author/s Referees

10. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 10 Pros & cons DISADVANTAGES: Peer review is subjective and unreliable partial (conflict of interest) biased: –against innovation –publication (positive results) –statistic –personal-institutional (author) –gender, language, etc. slow and expensive the sum of peers mistakes and abuses

11. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 11 Questions Questions Should peer review survive and why? If so, what shape should it take?

12. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 12 Pros & cons (2) ADVANTAGES: Poor quality research watcher –(plagiarism, fraud, etc.) Quality of article improvement Readability of article improvement Cost effective/value for money Unrestricted criticism environment

13. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 13 Peer review is essential to the scientific communication process

14. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 14 The background

15. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 15 The background has recently changed Technological innovation –Internet –Computer Supported Cooperative Work

16. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 16 The background has recently changed (2) Publishing market –rising costs of journals –new models of publishing Open Access Journals and Open Archives

17. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 17 The background has recently changed (3) Open Access Journals Open/free access on the Internet copyright lodged with authors peer reviewed articles authors pay for the publication expenses

18. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 18 … and peer review has changed as well...blind/double blind......results blind......bottom-up approach …...top-down approach......internal... external...online......open … Online open peer review

19. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 19 Open peer review

20. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 20 Online open peer review Strong interactivity (CSCW) Dialogue among author, referees, editor and readers on the net Articles linked to peers revisions, editors/authors comments, different versions, external materials Post-publication included in peer review evaluation Peer review as a kernel of the journal

21. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 21 Online open peer review Medical J Australia (MJA) J Interactive Media Education (JIME) Electronic Submission &Peer Review(ESPERE) BioMed Central (BMC) British Medical J (BMJ) Psycholoquy Health Library Online(HLO)

22. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 22 key point Online open peer review Open access journals

23. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 23 A competitive peer review process in a open access journal should be: Fair/transparent, impartial, reliable Able to increase the quality of articles Quick and well-timed Financially sustainable (at least for the author )

24. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 24 Pros & cons Online open peer review and Open access: PROS Fair, impartial, reliable and ethical Quick and wider dissemination Quality improvement of articles and of the process Improved article quality through readers feedback CONS Unfinished validation and identification of the model in literature Costs?? Possible increase of workload for the journal staff??

25. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 25 New scenarios in the future open access world (1) Articles and documents will change: the official/certified version loses its importance medicine: the certified version of the articles must be stated

26. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 26 New scenarios in the future open access world (2) Post-publication evaluation already begins during the peer review process IF loses its importance as unique evaluation criterion while/against other systems such as weblogs will be increasing

27. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 27 New scenarios in the future open access world (3) New role of the libraries supporting and financing Open access journals: –paying for authors/institution publication expenses –disinvesting in printed and online resources to the advantages of open access

28. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 28 Conclusions The future of scientific communication runs through the present of peer review

29. 24/09/2004L. Cavazza - Online open peer review/EAHIL Santander 2004 29 References Cavazza, L.(2003) Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde: ruolo, futuro e lati oscuri della peer review nelleditoria biomedica del nuovo millennio (Postgraduate dissertation). Comba, V. (2000) Comunicare nellera digitale, Milano, Bibliografica, p. 120-126. Kassirer, J. P., Campion, E. V. (1994) Peer review. Crude and understudied, but indispensable, JAMA, 1994, p. 96-97. National Library of Medicine (2003) Medical Subject Headings, 2003 Mesh descriptor data,. Nichols, D. (2001) Application of Computer Supported Cooperative Work for libraries, Rennie, D. (2003) Innovation and peer review, Rennie, D. (1999) Editorial peer review: its development and rationale, In Peer review in health sciences (1999) edited by F. Godlee, T. Jefferson, London, BMJ Books, p. 3-13. Wood, D. (1998) Online peer review?, Learned Publishing, 11, 3, p. 193-198.

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