1. QUIZ 1.Who were Rome’s main rivals during the city’s expanding influence? 2.What were the two main political groups representing the conservative and the common people? 3.Which two brothers met a grisly end after seeking to alter Rome’s political landscape? 4.Which individual introduced reforms to Rome’s army? 5.Which general marched his troops on Rome in 88BCE after an attempt to remove his military command?

2. Think back to last lesson What was the impact of Rome’s expanding empire?

3. What was the impact of the civil wars on the Roman people?

4. Learning Objectives Investigate the key events and individuals in the Roman civil wars

5. The Collapse of the Republic Using the handout, create a timeline of events but summarise each event to no more than 10 words Which events do you consider the most significant in the demise of the Republic?

6. Sources on the Collapse of the Republic  Appian, On the Gracchi  Plutarch, on Sulla  Plutarch, on Caesar Read through the sources highlighting and annotating as you go

7. Sources on the Collapse of the Republic Appian, The Civil Wars: On the Gracchi 1.What does Appian say the rich people have been doing and what problems has this caused? 2.Tiberius Gracchus wanted to reduce by half the amount of public land held by the rich. What did he want to do with the ‘surplus’ public land? 3.Why were the rich angry with the poor? Why were the poor angry with the rich? 4.What did the senators do to Tiberius Gracchus and his followers? Plutarch, Life of Sulla 1.What do Sulla’s men do to Rome’s tribunes and the two praetors sent to tell them to stop advancing on Rome? What does this show about their loyalty to Sulla compared with their loyalty to Rome’s government? 2.What evidence shows that Sulla’s invasion of Rome was unpopular with the Roman public? 3.What terrible measure does Sulla resort to when taking control of Rome? Plutarch, Life of Brutus 1.Name 4 senators that participated in Caesar’s murder in the senate house 2.What evidence shows how much the senators resented Caesar? 3.Why did many senators want to kill Marc Antony as well? 4.What did the senators see themselves as fighting for/defending, by committing this murder?

8. What were the most significant factors in the collapse of the Roman Republic?