1. Roman Republic

2. The Soul of the Romans Military background – First and formost good soldiers – Brave soldiers First fought for survival Eventually they will fight for power and expansion.

3. Early Military Early days, soldiers were farmers who, when duty demanded, abandoned their fields and took up sword. This changed 100BC, Marius created a standing army. – Professional army – Life long soldiers – Always look back to those old days of virtues of duty, courage and hardiness

4. The old Army Originally had to be in the fifth class or higher Own a certain amount of land Provide your own military gear

5. Marius’ Reforms Changed to: – Citizen of Rome regardless of class (increase numbers hugely) – Rome would provide the gear – Standing army (drilled and trained all year long) – All men must carry their own gear (Marius’ mules). No longer would they have caravans of supplies. Makes them more mobile – Full citizenship for those who fought a certain amount of time – Retirement benefits

6. Effects of Marius’ reforms Huge army created Well Trained and ready to fight Provided for those who were long time serving PROBLEM: the soldiers became loyal to their generals rather than the state

7. Over time, virtues would disappear and people would back to the good old republican times One tradition never forgot, was a respect for authority

8. Essential views on World Discipline Order Piety (Religious, respectful observance) Extend beyond the military and can be seen for a deep respect for those in power at any given time

9. Other Important Concepts in Ancient Rome

10. Paterfamilias Notions of order and hierarchy penetrated to the home The father of the family. – Expected to reign as a despot – Obedient household – Theory, mothers were subordinate, in reality they were respected and had greater legal rights than in Greece

11. Roman Republic Overview

12. Roman Republic 509 BC Founded to take place of monarchy Many looked at this as being liberated from a monarchy. 500-246 BCE, conquest of the rest of Italy and unification. (First the north, then the east, and last the Greeks in the south) Golden age of republican virtue, honor, courage, and sense of civic duty

13. Punic Wars The next period is the Punic Wars More about this later lesson

14. With a final victory against Carthage, Rome was changed. They changed from just being a land power to being a land and naval power. Also begin the time of political drama, and great political people Julius Caesar, Cicero, Pompey, Brutus, Mark Antony

15. Why the Change There was civil unrest and uncertainty and the Roman people turned to military strong men. – Slave Revolt – Spartacus, gladiator, fought Rome in Italy and held out for a long time No longer were politicians the real power. The power would come from military leaders with strong, loyal legions of military might.