1. CONTENTS 10-1 Active sentences and passive sentences
Form of the passive
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Using the by-phrase
Passive modal auxiliaries
Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive)
Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing
Get + adjective; get + past participle
Using be used/accustomed to and get …
10-10 Used to vs. be used to
10-11 Using be supposed to

2. The chair is being made by the carpenter.
10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
The chair is being made by the carpenter.

3. same meaning (a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.
10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.
same
meaning
(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the
carpenter.

4. (c) Carol sold the house.
10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
ACTIVE: S O
(c) Carol sold the house.
PASSIVE: S
by + O
(d) The house was sold by Carol.
object of active subject of passive
subject of active object of by

5. Cars are driven by people.
10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Cars are driven by people.

6. (a) Cars are driven by people. (b) The award was given by the boss.
10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
BE PAST
PARTICIPLE
(a) Cars are driven by people.
(b) The award was given by the boss.
(c) The book will be published by Pearson.

7. Cars are driven by people.
10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT
People drive cars.
Cars are driven by people.
SIMPLE PAST
The new job thrilled Tim.
Tim was thrilled by the new job. 7

8. The boys are eating the cookies.
10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
The boys are eating the cookies.
The cookies are being eaten by the boys.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
Jamal was washing the dishes.
The dishes were being washed by Jamal. 8

9. Al has printed the photo. The photo has been printed by Al.
10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
PRESENT PERFECT
Al has printed the photo.
The photo has been printed by Al.
FUTURE
Talya will make the announcement.
The announcement will be made by Talya. 9

10. The squirrel gathered the nuts.
10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
The squirrel gathered the nuts.
The nuts were gathered by the squirrel.

11. Matthew painted the wall.
10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Matthew painted the wall.
The wall was painted by
Matthew.

12. The voters will determine the election results.
10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
The voters will determine
the election results.
The election results will be determined by the voters.

13. 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Erica sneezed.

14. Janet earned the promotion. They saw the accident.
10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(a -c) TRANSITIVE
(d-f) INTRANSITIVE S V O
Janet earned the promotion.
They saw the accident. S V
A problem occurred.
They arrived late.
TRANSITIVE
verb + object
INTRANSITIVE
verb + object

15. TRANSITIVE VERBS INTRANSITIVE VERBS
10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
TRANSITIVE VERBS
(g) ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion.
(h) PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(i) ACTIVE: Birds fly.
(j) PASSIVE: (Not possible)
(k) INCORRECT: Birds are fly.

16. 10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive ?
It rained yesterday.

17. ? transitive intransitive Eva won a medal. A medal was won by Eva.
10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive ?
Eva won a medal.
A medal was won by Eva.
PASSIVE: _______________________

18. ? transitive intransitive Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.
10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive ?
Tim Berners-Lee invented the
World Wide Web.
PASSIVE: _______________________
The World Wide Web was
invented by Tim Berners-Lee.
_______________________

19. This painting was done by my mother.
10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
This painting was done by my mother.

20. (a) This desk was made by Manuel.
10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(a) This desk was made by Manuel.
by phrase important information

21. (b) This desk was made in Taiwan. (c) Corn is eaten in many places.
10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(b) This desk was made in Taiwan.
(c) Corn is eaten in many places.
(d) That apartment was built in 2007.
(e) Spanish is spoken in many countries.
usually NO by-phrase

22. (f) My mother is a great artist. She painted many beautiful portraits.
10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
ACTIVE
(f) My mother is a great artist.
She painted many beautiful portraits.
PASSIVE
(g) This painting was done by my mother.
That one was done by her friend.
focus my mother
by-phrase focus on subjects

23. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

24. ACTIVE PASSIVE Many students use computers.
10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Many students use computers.
Computers are used by many students.

25. ACTIVE PASSIVE Tina taught me how to knit.
10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Tina taught me how to knit.
I was taught to knit by Tina.

26. 10-5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
Lin will you.

27. Lin will send it. It will be sent by Lin.
10-5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
ACTIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
Lin will send it It will be sent by Lin.
Lin can send it. It can be sent by Lin.
Lin must send it. It must be sent by Lin.
Lin may send it. It may be sent by Lin.
FORM: modal + be + past participle

28. Someone must mow the grass today.
10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
PASSIVE MODALS
Someone must mow the grass today.
This grass __________________.
must be mowed today

29. You should not feed candy to babies.
10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
PASSIVE MODALS
You should not feed candy to babies.
Babies _____________________.
should not be fed candy

30. People cannot control hurricanes.
10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
PASSIVE MODALS
People cannot control hurricanes.
__________________________
Hurricanes cannot be controlled.

31. Lily is pleased with her life.
10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
Lily is pleased with her life.

32. (a) Lily is brave. (b) Lily is short. (c) Lily is healthy.
10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
BE + ADJECTIVE
(a) Lily is brave.
(b) Lily is short.
(c) Lily is healthy.
BE PAST PARTICIPLE
(d) Lily is divorced.
(e) Lily is excited.
(f) Lily is pleased.
like an adjective

33. (g) Lily is divorced from Jack. (h) Lily was happy with her career.
10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
(g) Lily is divorced from Jack.
(h) Lily was happy with her career.
(i) Lily will be excited for the trip.
past particular
participle prepositions + object

34. Jenny is __________ Grant. married to
10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
married
Jenny is __________ Grant.
married to

35. Alma is __________ her new laptop. happy with
10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
happy
Alma is __________ her new laptop.
happy with

36. He seems ____________ his age. young for
10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
young
Abe is 17.
He seems ____________ his age.
young for

37. I am interested in making pottery.
10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Emma makes pottery.
I am interested in making pottery.

38. (a) I am interested in pottery.
10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(a) I am interested in pottery.
INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery.
(b) Pottery is interesting.
INCORRECT: Pottery is interested.
past participle feelings
present participle cause of feeling

39. Ben was thrilled with the promotion.
10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Ben was thrilled with the promotion.
(c) Ben was thrilled.
(d) The promotion was thrilling.
past participle passive meaning
present participle cause of feeling

40. (e) I heard some disappointing news.
10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(e) I heard some disappointing news.
(f) Jill read the shortened version of
the book.
participial
adjectives nouns

41. Gwen’s news must be __________. Gail looks very __________. surprised
10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
surprised
surprising
Gail Gwen
surprising
Gwen’s news must be __________.
Gail looks very __________.
surprised

42. The Great Wall is ________. amazing
10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
amazed
amazing
The Great Wall is ________.
amazing
Most people are truly ________ when they first see it.
amazed

43. This spider is ________! I wonder if it is ________ of anything?
10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
terrified
terrifying
Some bugs are scary.
This spider is ________!
I wonder if it is ________ of anything?
terrifying
terrified

44. People often get thirsty
10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
People often get thirsty
when they exercise.

45. (a) I am getting thirsty. (b) Fahad got angry at him.
10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
GET + ADJECTIVE
(a) I am getting thirsty.
(b) Fahad got angry at him.
GET ADJECTIVE
change, beginning to be

46. (c) I’m getting worried. (d) My friend and his wife got divorced.
10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
(c) I’m getting worried.
(d) My friend and his wife got divorced.
GET PAST PARTICIPLE
like an adjective, describes subject

47. He ___________ while he was working.
10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
get + sleep
got sleepy
He ___________ while he was working.

48. He _________________ with his work.
10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
get + frustrated
is getting frustrated
He _________________ with his work.

49. It ________ early this year. got cold
10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
get + cold
It ________ early this year.
got cold

50. We are used to driving in traffic.
10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
We are used to driving in traffic.

51. (a) We are used to this city.
10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(a) We are used to this city.
(b) We are accustomed to this city.
same meaning

52. (c) We are used to living in this city.
10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(c) We are used to living in this city.
(d) We are accustomed to living in this city.
to ing form
(gerund)

53. beginning to feel normal
10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have never lived in this city before, but I am getting used to (accustomed to) it.
beginning to feel normal

54. (affirmative or negative)
10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
I always go to the beach.
I __________ the sand and sea.
am used to

55. (affirmative or negative)
10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
I’m confused. I _____________ this new computer.
am not used to

56. (affirmative or negative)
10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
Maybe I’ll call Eva. She _____________
this type of computer.
is used to

57. He used to eat meat, but now he is a vegetarian.
10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
He used to eat meat, but
now he is a vegetarian.

58. (a) He used to eat meat, but now he is a vegetarian.
10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(a) He used to eat meat, but now he is
a vegetarian.
INCORRECT: He used to be eating meat.
INCORRECT: He is used to eat meat.
habitual past
used to + simple form of verb

59. (b) He is used to eating meat.
10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(b) He is used to eating meat.
be used to ing form of verb (gerund)

60. When I was young, I often went skiing.
10-10 LET’S PRACTICE be Ø
When I was young, I often went skiing.
I ____ used to skiing back then.
was

61. I _____ used to like skiing, but now I prefer snowboarding. Ø
10-10 LET’S PRACTICE be Ø
I _____ used to like skiing, but
now I prefer snowboarding. Ø

62. Now, I ____ used to snowboarding. am
10-10 LET’S PRACTICE be Ø
Now, I ____ used to snowboarding. am

63. You were supposed to clean out the garage this morning.
10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
You were supposed to clean out the garage this morning.

64. I expect the flight to leave in 10 minutes.
10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave
in 10 minutes.
I expect the flight to leave in 10 minutes.

65. (a) The flight is supposed to leave in 10 minutes.
10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave
in 10 minutes.
(b) I am supposed to write to Jim.
an expectation

66. (c) The flight was supposed to leave at 4:30.
10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(c) The flight was supposed to leave
at 4:30.
expected event didn’t occur

67. I expect to get email today .
10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
I expect to get today .
I ______________ get today.
am supposed to

68. They were expected to arrive on May 4, but they came on May 6.
10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
They were expected to arrive on May 4,
but they came on May 6.
They _______________ arrive on May 6.
were supposed to

69. I expected you to call me at noon!
10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
You ______
___________ call me at noon!
were
supposed to
I expected you to call me at noon!

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