1. + Final Ideas/Test Prep

2. + Evolution of Peacekeeping UN peacekeeping missions: Soldiers in blue helmets and white vehicles Non-aggressive Suez UNEF (1956-67) Cyprus UNFICYP (1964-94) Yugoslavia UNPROFOR (1992-95) Ineffective, unable to protect civilians, a failure?

3. + Evolution of Peacekeeping UN/NATO peacemaking missions Green helmets, green tanks, able to enforce peace Bosnia IFOR/NATO (1995-96) Kosovo KFOR/NATO (1996-98) Rwanda (1994) Afghanistan/NATO (2001) Is this peacekeeping?

4. + Evolution of Peacekeeping: Key points Passive peacekeeping becomes active peacemaking beginning in Yugoslavia NATO forces as opposed to UN forces Different implication A fighting force versus an observer force Keep in mind, these are the SAME soldiers Why didn’t Canada enter the Iraq war like other NATO countries (USA/UK)? It was NOT UN sanctioned (allowed)

5. + League of Nations vs United Nations intervention League of Nations failed to do anything in Manchuria or Abyssinia (Ethiopia) United Nations dealt with the conflict in North Korea in a very different way Allowed a US General to organize a force and fight back against the aggressor Canada sent 26,000 troops to Korea Key Idea: The United Nations accomplished in Korea what the League of Nations never would have done.

6. + Chronology (order of events) The Cold War 1946 – Soviet spies discovered in Canada 1947-48 – Berlin Blockade and Airlift 1948 – The creation of NATO North American Defense 1955-57 – The DEW line is built 1958 – Canada and America sing an air defense pact 1958-59 – Canada buys BOMARC missiles

7. + Chronology (order of events) The UN: 1945 – Canada joins the UN 1956 – Peacekeepers are deployed to the Suez Canal 1990 – Canada’s NATO troops are relocated from Germany to UNPROFOR (Yugoslavia)