1. America – Its Unique Settlement US History - Libertyville HS

2. Why is America Unique? The land The landland Its founding Its founding Its government Its government Its people Its people

3. Why is America Unique? The American Population America – a nation of immigrants, from around the world

4. Why is America Unique? The American Population The Americas – a land of a diverse native population

5. “What Are You?” A unique question of Americans – it’s not an insult! What are you? The idea of the “hyphenated American” Asian-American African-American Irish-American And many others! What unifies us? We’re all Americans!

6. When and Where did the First Settlers Come From? Pleistocene Era (Glacial Period), or “Ice Age” – 1 million to 10,000 BC Pleistocene Era (Glacial Period), or “Ice Age” – 1 million to 10,000 BC Age of widely fluctuating climateAge of widely fluctuating climate Sea levels fell 50 to 300 feet, compared with todaySea levels fell 50 to 300 feet, compared with today Effect? Broad highway between Asia, North America – Beringian Land Mass stretching from Aleutian Islands to well into Artic OceanEffect? Broad highway between Asia, North America – Beringian Land Mass stretching from Aleutian Islands to well into Artic Ocean Beringian Land Mass Beringian Land Mass Bering Strait Today Asia America / Alaska

7. Environment and Settlement Why Did the Ice Age Occur? Why Did the Ice Age Occur? Likely cause was increased volcanic activityLikely cause was increased volcanic activity Volcanic ash accumulated in upper atmosphere, lowering world tempsVolcanic ash accumulated in upper atmosphere, lowering world temps Most recent glacial advance = 70,000 years ago Most recent glacial advance = 70,000 years ago Wisconsin Ice Sheet Wisconsin Ice Sheet As ice sheet advanced animals were driven before itAs ice sheet advanced animals were driven before it Into this environment, man arrivedInto this environment, man arrived

8. Migration and Settlement Man in North America = Homo Sapiens Man in North America = Homo Sapiens No evidence of fossil apes in W. HemisphereNo evidence of fossil apes in W. Hemisphere No evidence of primitive man in W. HemisphereNo evidence of primitive man in W. Hemisphere Significance? Significance?

9. Migration and Settlement How did man arrive in the Americas? He WALKED How did man arrive in the Americas? He WALKED Critical factors of settlement of Americas Critical factors of settlement of Americas Ice free corridor from Western Canada into Rocky Mts, along river valleysIce free corridor from Western Canada into Rocky Mts, along river valleys Remember: Americas were NOT settled in a short amount of time OR by a single group of people!Remember: Americas were NOT settled in a short amount of time OR by a single group of people! Migration is a SLOW, PROLONGED SPREAD OF SUCCESSIVE WAVES OF PEOPLE!!!Migration is a SLOW, PROLONGED SPREAD OF SUCCESSIVE WAVES OF PEOPLE!!! Migration pattern from Africa through rest of world – colored circles, lines represent approx. time when Man reached those areas

10. Why Migrate? Assumption: Man immigrated as hunters, following game Assumption: Man immigrated as hunters, following game Based on geological and archaeological evidence, early Man arrived in America around 30,000 years ago Based on geological and archaeological evidence, early Man arrived in America around 30,000 years ago

11. What did Man Bring With to America? Immigrants brought with skills of firemaking, flint chipping, food processing, clothes making and shelter construction Immigrants brought with skills of firemaking, flint chipping, food processing, clothes making and shelter construction Environment determines skill set: if early man didn’t have these skills, he’d have either moved on or died Environment determines skill set: if early man didn’t have these skills, he’d have either moved on or died

12. Periods of Native American History First: Paleo Indian (Greek - “Ancient”) – from 30,000 to about 7000 BC First: Paleo Indian (Greek - “Ancient”) – from 30,000 to about 7000 BC First settlersFirst settlers Hunter gatherersHunter gatherers Second: Archaic period – from 7000 to about 1000 BC Second: Archaic period – from 7000 to about 1000 BC Ice sheets retreated, climate changed rapidly to what it is todayIce sheets retreated, climate changed rapidly to what it is today Plant domestication beganPlant domestication began

13. Periods of Native American History Third: “Woodland Period” – from 1000 BC to 800 AD Third: “Woodland Period” – from 1000 BC to 800 AD Agricultural settlements abounded, particularly in MidwestAgricultural settlements abounded, particularly in Midwest Also hunted / gatheredAlso hunted / gathered Fourth: Mississippian Period – 1000 to 1700s Fourth: Mississippian Period – 1000 to 1700s Cities builtCities built Extensive trade routesExtensive trade routes Great agricultural outputGreat agricultural output

14. Native American Distribution Native American tribes covered the Americas