Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byOliver Atkins Modified over 9 years ago
1
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY The Study of Carbon Compounds
3
Carbon! Most chemicals that make up living things are Carbon-based. –Why? Easily forms molecules that are large, complex, and diverse. Up to 30% of a cell is made up of Carbon-based compounds.
4
Functional Groups Carbon-based chemical groups most important in life processes Each group plays a vital role in a chemical reaction –Ex. Sex hormone differences Estrogen Testosterone
5
Macromolecules The Molecules of Life!
6
Macromolecules are… Large polymers Built by monomers 4 main classes –Carbohydrates –Proteins –Lipids –Nucleic Acids
7
Carbohydrates Fuel and Building Material for Life!
8
Carbohydrates are… Most abundant carbon compounds found in living things Sugars Monosaccharides- simple sugars »Glucose Disaccharides- sugars built of 2 monosaccharides »Sucrose+Fructose
9
Carbos cont… Starch=Polysaccharides: act as nutrient storage-and form structural components of living things Glycogen- stores glucose in muscle tissue for quick energy Cellulose- provides rigid structure »Cell wall of plant cells
10
CELL WALL
11
LIPIDS Fats –Saturated Solidifies- bad Ex: animal fat and butter –Unsaturated No solidification- good Ex: vegetable oils –Fats are used for energy storage Long-term food reserves stored in adipose (fat)cells
12
Lipids cont… Lipids do not have monomers Fat (adipose) provides insulation for warmth –Whales, seals Fat provides cushion for organs I’m Fat!
13
Fat Cells (adipose)
14
Lipids cont… Phospholipids –Make up cell membranes Hydrophobic tails –Opposed to water Hydrophilic heads –Affinity for water This opposite relation to water forms a bilayer. The bilayer forms a boundary between the cell and the external environment.
15
Phospholipid Bilayer
16
Proteins The Ultimate Polymer!
17
Proteins… Monomer or building blocks of proteins: –Amino acids
18
Amino Acid Codon Chart
19
Protein Structure 2 or more amino acids joined by peptide bond –Hence the other name for a protein: polypeptide chain
20
Structure=Function Protein’s specific structure determines it’s duties –All functions depend on ability to recognize and bond to specific molecules Form=Function –Very specific fit Lock and key
21
INDUCED FIT Above, both enzymes and substrates are proteins designed to fit together like a lock and key
23
4 Levels of Protein Structure Primary –Unique sequence of AA Chain Secondary –Repeating coils and folds Helix or pleated sheet Tertiary –Folds formed by side-chain bonding
24
Protein structure cont… Quaternary –2 or more polypeptide chains aggregated Clumping Tightly held together
26
Types of Proteins Structural Defensive –Support -Antibodies Storage Enzymes –Embryo food -catalysts Transport Hormones –Oxygen -regulation Receptors Contractile –Drugs -muscles
27
Nucleic Acids Informational Polymers
28
Nucleic Acids 2 types –DNA-double-stranded Genetic material –Inherited from parents –RNA-single-stranded Controls protein synthesis Nucleotides are monomers of both DNA/RNA Nucleic acids work together –Build proteins
29
The Central Dogma
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.