1. LIPIDS Learning Targets: #6 - #9 All the facts…

2. Lipids ELEMENTS: C, H(many), O (few) H:O ratio much greater than the carbohydrates FUNTIONAL GROUPS: -OH, -COOH MONOMER: Glycerol and Fatty Acids  SPECIAL BOND: ester bond (between the carboxyl and hydroxyl)

3. Types of fatty acids Saturated: Saturated: comes from animals comes from animals contain no double bonds more energy solid (butter)  Unsaturated: comes from plants contains double bonds less energy liquid (oils)

4. Hydrogenation  The adding of Hydrogens to a fatty acid molecule to make it more solid  Why? To make food more solid for a longer shelf life and for more flavoring

5. Fatty acids: carboxylic acid + long hydrocarbon chain C O OH CH 3 Carboxylic acid Hydrocarbon chain A saturated fatty acid An unsaturated fatty acid C O OH CH 3 © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

6. Fats and Oils fatty acids + glycerol (1, 2 or 3 = mono, di or triglycerides) C O OH CH 3 C O OH CH 3 HO – CH 2 HO - CH 2 HO - CH Condensation reactions © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

7. Two fatty acids joining glycerol = A diglyceride C O CH 3 C O O - CH 3 HO - CH 3 O - CH +2H 2 0 © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

8. Lipid Polymers EXAMPLES Triglyceride: 3 F.A. and 1 glycerol Phospholipids: 2 F.A. and 1 glycerol Wax: long F.A. chain and long alcohol chain Steroids: testosterone, cholesterol, progesterone, estrogen

9. Lipid Functions Energy storage (long term) Energy storage (long term) Protect and cushion organs Protect and cushion organs Insulation Insulation Storage of vitamins (A, D, E, K) Storage of vitamins (A, D, E, K) Structural/building material for body Structural/building material for body

10. Phospholipids Chief component of cell membrane Involved in fat storage and transport

11. Cholesterol Causes atherosclerosis Hardening of the arteries Used to synthesize hormones, clotting of blood

12. Cholesterol animation Cholesterol animation

13. Lipid Tests Solubility test: fats do not dissolve in water Solubility test: fats do not dissolve in water Brown paper bag test: fats leave a translucent spot Brown paper bag test: fats leave a translucent spot Sudan IV test: turns red with the presence of fat Sudan IV test: turns red with the presence of fat

14. Show Standard Deviant Movie 1 st part