1. Life

2. Warm Up 1.Herba= ____________ 2.Bi = _____________ 3.__________ = disease, inflammation 4.___________ = origin, beginning 5.What is your hypothesis for the celery lab? 6.What is the independent variable for the celery lab? 7.What is the dependent variable for the celery lab? 8.What are some constants for the celery lab?

3. ALL LIVING THINGS: 1.are made of cells. 2.are based on a universal genetic code (DNA) 3.obtain and use energy. 4.grow and develop. 5.reproduce. 6.respond to their environment. 7.adapt to their environment.

4. Organic vs. Inorganic All living things contain carbon Organic: contains carbon (C), produced or taken from something living – Humans – Plants – Insects Inorganic: not from living, made from rocks and minerals. One exception-Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) – Water-Stone – Minerals-Metal

5. Organic Molecules

6. In order for life to be sustained we must rely on biochemical processes. These processes involve organic molecules – Carbohydrates – Proteins – Lipids – Nucleic acids (Organic molecules can be made up of large repeating units [polymer] or one single unit [monomer])

7. PolymerMonomer ManyOne Long train of repeating units (X-X-X-X) One unit (X) LargerSmaller

8. Warm Up 1.___________ = head 2.Ecto/exo= ______________ 3.Define independent variable 4.Define dependent variable 5.What is the purpose of a control group? 6.Tell which molecules are organic: H 2 O, C 2 H 6 O, K, CO 2, CH 4 7.Explain the difference between a polymer and a monomer.

9. Carbohydrates saccharide = [S]-[U]-[G]-[A]-[R] Monomer- (Subunit) Monosaccharide Polymer-Polysaccharide Made of - carbon(C), hydrogen(H), oxygen(O) Uses/Function –Quick, short-term energy Ex- Monosaccharide: Glucose Polysaccharide: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose Foods -Breads, pastas, fruits, etc

10. Monomer- Polymer- Fatty Acid DON’T NEED TO KNOW Made of - Mostly Hydrogen and Carbon with very little Oxygen Uses/Function – Insulation, Buoyancy, Long term energy storage Ex -Triglycerides; Phospholipids; Cholesterol Foods -mayonnaise, butter, greasy & oil foods Lipids

11. Other notes: Lipids Think: Fats & Oils Hydrophobic = ______________ Meaning: will not dissolve in water RECALL ROOTS: Hydro = ____________ Phobic = ____________

12. Other notes: Lipids Found in our bodies : Cell membrane: made up of phospholipids Structure of a phospholipid can give us an indication of its function HYDROPHILIC HEAD = _________________ HYDROPHOBIC TAIL = _________________

13. Nucleic Acids Monomer: Nucleotide Polymer: DNA & RNA Uses/Function: Contains Genetic Information Made of: A sugar (contains C, H, and O), a phosphate, and a nitrogen base Examples: DNA & RNA

14. Nucleic Acids

15. Proteins Monomer : Amino Acids Polymer: Polypeptides (Polypeptides fold into proteins) Bonding = Peptide Bond (A covalent bond between amino acids) A.A. A.

16. Name: Proteins Uses/Function: Repair, Transport, Cell structure/integrity Made of: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) Examples: Enzymes, Insulin, Hemoglobin Foods: Eggs, Meats, Beans, Nuts

17. Food Testing for Organic Compounds Iodine (Lugol’s): test for starches (Polysaccharides) – Positive test: will see a color change Biuret’s: test for proteins – Positive test: will see a color change Benedict’s: test for sugar (Mostly monosaccharides) – Positive test: will see a color change Brown Bag: test for lipids – Positive test: will see a translucent appearance on bag

18. Warm Up 1.What is the polymer for carbohydrates? 2.What is the only organic compound that contains Phosphate? 3.What types of foods contain lipids? 4.Give an example of a protein. 5.How can you test to see if a food contains starch? 6.How can you test to see if a food contains protein?