1. WORKING TOGETHER TOWARDS INTEGRATION
PAYMENT BY RESULTS (PbR)
WORKSHOP

2. Why Payment By results (PbR)?
Increase the link between payment and quality of care and drive integration of services
Support the expansion of a more transparent rules based funding system
‘Incentivise best clinical practice and improve outcomes’*
* Operating Framework NHS

3. Mental Health PbR is different to acute PbR
The currency of Acute PbR is the Healthcare Resource Group (HRG).
HRG uses ICD10 codes and other classification systems .
Mental Health PbR uses Care Clusters instead of HRG.
Mental Health PbR does not use the ICD-10. Instead, professionals rate service users using the Mental Health Clustering Tool.

4. Current system
Before PbR most (PCTs) had simple ‘block contracts’– effectively a fixed amount of money for the year ahead.
Many of the risks in the system were carried by providers. i.e. rising activity levels would increase provider costs, without any extra income
Block contracts were generally based on historical patterns of care and reflected local costs of providing care.

5. New system - Care clusters
The Care Clusters are based primarily on the needs and characteristics of a service user
Clinicians allocate a patient to one of 21 care clusters
The clusters are mutually exclusive in that a service user can only be allocated to one cluster at a time.
Clustering is a method of undertaking a detailed assessment of the needs of each patient and then using the results of this assessment to allocate them to a needs-based “cluster”

6. What’s not included in 2012/13
Improving Access to Psychological Services (IAPT)
Child and Adolescent MH services (CAMHS)
Forensic and secure services
Specialist services (incl. deaf, eating disorder, neuropsychiatry, learning disability, addiction services, alcohol)
MH services under a GP contract (and others)

7. Decision Tree- Care Clusters

8. The Mental Health Clustering tool
The MHCT incorporates items from the Health of the Nations Outcome Scales (HoNOS) and The Summary of Assessments of Risk and Need (SARN).
Part 1 – 12 items HoNOS related to severity of problems
Part 2 – SARN consider problems from a ‘historical perspective’

9. How does it work?
Step 1 Routine screening assessment process scores the patient’s needs using MHCT Step 2 Decision tree - to decide if the presenting needs are A,B,C Then decide which of the next level. This will narrow down the list of possible clusters. Step 3 Look at the grids - which one is the most appropriate red: level of need which must score orange: expected scores yellow : may score Final clustering decision is based on clinical judgement applying the guidance

10. Service delivery
Assessments – funded separately and can be classified in three ways
Assessed, not clustered
Assessed, clustered
Assessment ‘service’
Care pathway – 21 care clusters
Care Transition protocols – move within super cluster or discharge
There is one transition protocol for all MH Providers
Care Transition Protocols
The points at which the appropriateness of the current cluster allocation is reconsidered should not be arbitrary. It should occur at natural and appropriate points in the individual’s care pathway. Typically these are termed as reviews but, it is important to note that reviews can be relatively informal as well as formal, and can be in response to unforeseen changes in need i.e. unplanned as well as pre-planned.

11. Different from Wonderland - Clusters as Contract Currency
Commissioners will be paying providers on the basis of x people in cluster 1, x people in cluster 2 and so on.
Payment would be for all elements of care service user receives, both direct (therapies) and indirect (care co-ordination).
Clusters should cover care provided as part of the section 75 arrangements
Person/needs focused as opposed to service focused
PbR does not imply additional funding levels, but rather a different allocation method within existing
budgets (i.e. is intended to be cost neutral)

12. Strategic Challenges Timescales Risk of focus on detail and challenges
Commissioning and governance changes.
All of the above will divert attention away from potential of PbR to deliver quality services which focus on ability and reablement and offer choice.

13. Delivering QIPP via PbR
If PbR is implemented correctly, PbR will…
Offer a real understanding of how services are configured and delivered
Provide a means to systematically measure quality information that allows data reporting and benchmarking
Inform decisions about commissioning and de–commissioning

14. Using PbR to incentivise quality care
If PbR is implemented correctly, PbR will…
Enable payment for a cluster of care with data on the outcomes
Potentially encourage providers and clinicians to innovate with pathway development which delivers better outcomes at the same cost

15. PbR and Personalisation
‘Personalisation is generally understood to mean a culture in which citizens are able to shape the services they need, with choice and control, so that support fits the way they wish to live their lives’
‘The link between personalisation and PbR is vital if the ambition to offer people real choices and achieve more cost effective joined up commissioning and provision is to be realised’*
*Getting it together for MH Care: Payment by results, personalisation and whole system working, NDTi, Dec 2011

16. Local Challenges
The quality of data - poor data quality means that trusts will not have a robust currency by April 2012
Data interpretation
Robust costing mechanism - inaccurate tariff risk destabilising providers and commissioners
Significant variation of funded services between boroughs – price per cluster per trust for

17. London programme
London Currencies Development Board (LCDB) - chaired by Wendy Wallace
London Health Programmes (LHP)
Commissioner steering group – chaired by Stuart Saw
Programme approach
Engaged stakeholders

18. Work streams Commissioners Costing and contracts LA and 3rd sector
Service specs, care clusters
Template for information scheduling and reporting
LA and 3rd sector
Transition to CCGs
Providers
Training on transition protocols
Data quality
One price per cluster

19. Work streams cont… Jointly commissioners and providers
Cost per cluster per trust 2013/14
Develop specs and care clusters
Information and reporting schedules
Nationally
Outcome metrics
Expand PbR (IAPT and Forensics in 2013/14)

20. Mental health PbR timeline
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Mandate DH
April 2012: Introductory year
April 2013:
Go live
Jan 2009: DH
mandates MH PbR
Implement HoNOS PbR
31 Dec 2011:
All patients clustered
Feb 2012:
Final guidance released
2010: MHCT and transition protocols released
Costing & contracts
April 2013:
Initial data shared
Contracts signed off
Dec 2011:
MOU agreed
Implementation by providers
Feb 2012:
Training for transition protocols
June 2009: Implementation starts
Dec 2011:
Joint working
initiated
Commissioning
April 2012:
Commissioning using PbR