1. Teen Living Skills Unit 6 Oklahoma FACS Re-done
Child Care
Teen Living Skills
Unit 6
Oklahoma FACS Re-done

2. What Do Kids Need?
“It takes a village to raise a child.” African Proverb
Nurture – to help grow and develop; to provide support.

3. What Do Kids Need? For children, basic needs include: Clothing
Exercise
Food
Hygiene
Medical care
Safety
Shelter
Sleep
Nurture

4. Developmental tasks and growth patterns of children.
A. Appropriate activities help children
develop properly.
1. Reading books aloud or asking children to explain a picture (intellectual growth)
2. Using positive reinforcement (emotional growth)
3. Exercises or active games (physical growth)

5. Infants
Infants
Infants like to touch, suck, hear, and watch.
They put things in their mouths.
At about 3 months, they taste everything so watch out for small objects.
If it can fit through the cardboard tube of tissue paper, it is too small

6. Infants cont. change toys frequently. What about baby talk???
Infants have a short attention span, so
change toys frequently.
Infants sit up at about 5 months. Prop the child up and gently roll a soft ball.
Talk to the infant a lot. It helps language development and helps him/her feel secure.
What about baby talk???

7. Toddlers
C. Toddlers
1. It is normal for children learning to move about to want to explore.
2. These children like to run around and walk.
3. Toddlers need time for active play to work off energy and lose restlessness.

8. For every (-) you need 3 (+) to rebuild self e
Toddlers cont.
They have a short attention span, so change games often.
Aid language development by talking to the child using words that are acceptable and correct.
It is normal for toddlers to be aggressive when playing with other children. Correct behavior gently.
For every (-) you need 3 (+) to rebuild self e

9. Todders cont. Toddlers are compelled to explore and touch new objects.
Many toddlers are climbers; watch out!
Child-proof the environment.

10. Preschoolers Preschoolers They want you to “watch me!”
Preschoolers are active, but tire easily and may need a nap.
They like to take walks and talk about what they see.
They have great imaginations.
They like to wear someone else’s clothing to play dress-up.

11. Preschoolers cont.
They love books and stories and like to pretend they are reading.
Some may have imaginary friends.
They are very self-centered and can’t understand the feelings of others without thinking of themselves first.

12. How loving care promotes grown and development.
The child is happier
Studies prove that holding, cuddling and talking to an infant are necessary.
The child is more secure.
The child will have good self-esteem and be emotionally healthier.

13. How loving care promotes grown and development cont.
Care-givers can show their love by:
telling children they are loved,
spending time with them,
making them feel worthwhile,
respecting their feelings, and
never belittling them.

14. How loving care promotes grown and development cont
Like the poem by Dorothy Law Nolte says,
“If a child lives with criticism, he learns to condemn…
If a child lives with praise, he learns to be appreciative.”

15. Worksheets Positive Guidance Caring For Children In A Positive Way
Loving Care (Not Words That Hurt)
Limited Choices

16. Feeding Children Feeding babies and small children.
1. Never give hard foods such as nuts, hard candy or popcorn or large pieces of meat (including hot dogs) 1because they may cause choking
Give nutritious snacks, ex: fruits, juices, cheese, or milk.
Some foods can choke children

17. Feeding Children
4. Keep meals simple. Foods mixed together are often rejected. 5. Be patient with slow eaters. 6. Do not force-feed 7. Be aware that some children have food allergies. 8. Always check with parents to see what the kids are to eat and then tell parents what the child actually ate.

18. Preparing Bottles
Check the formula temperature by shaking a drop of formula inside the caregiver’s wrist to make sure it isn’t too hot.
Never warm a bottle in the microwave.
Warm the bottle under running warm water or in a pan of hot water.

19. Bottle Feeding
Never let an infant take a bottle in bed, as it increases the chance for an ear infection and can damage teeth growing inside their gums.
Hold baby when giving the bottle.
Burp the baby after giving half of the bottle and again when finished.

20. Older Infants May eat baby cereal or baby food Will be messy
Protect child’s clothes and yours
Child will play with and eat food It is normal

21. Toddlers DO NOT GIVE: Hot dogs Raw Carrots Peanuts
Popcorn Hard Candy Grapes
Bread Peanut Butter
DO NOT TICKLE OR GET CHILD EXCITED WHILE EATING

22. Preschoolers Simple foods: Milk Peanut Butter
Cheese Fresh or Dried Fruit
Crackers Vegetable Sticks
Stay away from foods high in fat and sugar.
Check with parents about food allergies, special diets, or other restrictions.

23. Activity & Worksheets Practice feeding
Personal Attitudes Toward Children
(How Does It Feel to be a Small Child?)
Nutritious vs Non-Nutritious
Nutritious Meals & Snacks

24. Clothing & Exercise Clothing Exercise
Make sure the clothing worn by the child is appropriate for the weather and the activity.
Exercise
Children should get exercise and be physically active each day.
Limit exercise and activity before bedtime as it can keep the child from being able to sleep.

25. Hygiene/ Bathing Hygiene Children need a bath daily.
Never leave young children alone in a bathtub with water as they could turn on the hot water or drown in the water.

26. Worksheet – Poor Dirty Harry
Bathing
Bathe the child only if parents/care-givers tell you to do so.
Do not make the water too deep or too hot. Check temp with your elbow
Do not let the child turn the water on accidentally.
Worksheet – Poor Dirty Harry

27. Bedtime
Find out the child’s nightly routine and follow it so the child will get to sleep easier.
Play quietly or read stories just before bedtime.
Check every 30 minutes after child goes to sleep.

28. Bedtime cont.
Stay with child or leave a light on if child is afraid or lonesome.
Patting or rubbing a child’s back can be soothing and help them fall asleep.

29. Crying Crying can be: Expected from babies.
Caused by discomfort ( needing burped, dirty or wet diaper, hunger, too hot, too cold, or tired.)
Because some babies must cry to get to sleep.

30. Crying cont.
Due to pain such as gas, earache, an open diaper pin or diaper tape on skin.
Because they are lonesome
A clue that something is wrong. Be kind; cuddle and comfort.

31. Correcting Behavior
Distract them with a toy or activity. The word “Look!” can help.
Ask parents how they want you to correct behavior.
Never strike a child, even if the parents say so.

32. Correcting Behavior
“Time outs” (1 minute for every year of age). Used to regroup then things are out of control; not a punishment.
Supervise closely, read to them, play with them; most children are happy with attention.

33. 5 Magic Tricks for misbehavior
Distraction
Give choices
Make a game
When…Then
Take a Break/Start Over

34. Medical Care Medical care Only give medication if instructed to do so.
Ask parent to write down medication, the correct dosage, the time to give it, as well as food/drink requirements that are needed with the medicine.

35. Safety - Poisons Common poisons: Insecticides Cleaning supplies
Drugs such as aspirin & vitamin pills
Plants – see picture from teacher notebook on camera

36. Poisoning Symptoms Choking, coughing, stomach pain, or dizziness
Unconsciousness or difficulty breathing
Vomiting
Skin rashes or burns
Call 911 or poison control center

37. Poison Control Centers
Special hospital units that advise and treat poison victims.
They do NOT come to the home.
Info Needed
Child’s age and weight
What was swallowed
How much and how long ago
Symptoms

38. Safe Toys Be sure to ask yourself: Is it durable?
Is it too large to swallow?
Is it free of sharp edges?
Is it free of loose parts?
Is it in working condition?
Is it age appropriate?

39. Toy Safety Make sure they are . . . Clean Unbreakable
Too large to swallow
Free of sharp edges
No small parts to swallow

40. Toy Don’ts Loud sounding toys frighten and damage hearing.
Toys with long stings or cords can cause choking.
Never hang toys with long strings, cords, loops or ribbons in cribs or playpens.
Do not play with broken toys.
Do not bike or rollerblade without safety equipment.

41. Precautions
“In 2003, 64% of toy-related deaths were due to choking.” Safe Kids Worldwide
Childproof – to make something free of hazards to a child.

42. Precautions Some things you can do to help avoid accidents include:
Keep toys and other objects picked up from halls, stairways, and pathways.
Make sure the toys are age appropriate – no buttons, small wheels etc that infants can swallow
Never leave children unattended, especially in or near water.

43. Precautions Buckle child into a highchair or car seat or carrier.
Childproof the home.
Pad sharp corners
Outlet covers
Use safety gates in appropriate places, such as stairs, space heaters, kitchens, furnaces, etc.
Door and drawer locks
Keep plastic bags away from children
Keep marches, lighters, and household products out of the reach of children.

44. Outdoor Safety Supervise young children wherever they go.
Playgrounds – should have a soft surface,
like shredded tires under equipment
Streets and roads – never let children play
in streets.
Make sure older children know how to
safely cross streets
Remind children of bicycle safety rules – wear helmets
Wading and Swimming pools – Watch closely
when wading or swimming
Keep Children’s Shoes On

45. Be Careful!
Children’s ages 4 and under have a drowning death rate more than three times greater than any other age groups and account for 80% of home drownings.

46. Oh No! What Do I Do Now?
“57% of injuries that occur on public playground involved climbing equipment, while 66% of injuries that occur on home playgrounds involve swings.” Safe Kids Worldwide

47. Oh No! What Do I Do Now?
Reassure – to give extra confidence through words.
Assess – to check out or evaluate the situation.

48. Oh No! What Do I Do Now? In case of an accident: Be calm.
Reassure or comfort the child.
Assess the situation
For little burns or bumps, apply cold water not ice
For small cuts or scrapes, wash gently with soap and water. Apply first aid cream and a bandage.
Notify the proper individuals.
For serious injuries or animal bites

49. Keep yourself safe.
Lock doors when you are outside or inside the house.
Never tell a phone caller the parents/care-givers are not at home. Say they are busy . Ask caller to leave a number so the call can be returned later.
Report obscene or threatening calls.
Never allow a stranger in the house, even if he/she shows you identification or insist.

50. Keep yourself safe.
Do not be afraid to call the police if you think there is a prowler.
Learn emergency procedures in case of a storm or fire.
Avoid any situations that could start a fire.
Never allow an intoxicated person to drive you home. Call your parents or caregivers.

51. Worksheets First Aid & Safety Safety in the Home
Responding to Emergencies
Sound the Alarm
Hazards

52. How Do I Meet Their Needs?
“Food is the most common cause of non-fatal choking accidents. Toys are the most common cause of choking deaths.”

53. Preparing for a Babysitting Job
Background for child care can be obtained by:
Taking a course on child care
Volunteering at a day care or church nursery
Watching an experienced caregiver.

54. Getting A Babysitting Job
Dos
Tell friends of your parents or cargivers
Tell neighbors
Tell relatives
Ask friends already babysitting to recommend you when they can’t take the job.
Don’ts
Advertise in newspapers or on the radio
Don’t put up notices on public bulletin boards etc.
Don’t accept jobs from strangers without good references from personal friends

55. Babysitting Who Does What?
Traditional – established.
Ethical – knowing right from wrong; doing the right thing.

56. Babysitting Who Does What?
When someone asks you to babysit:
Talk Politely
Use Good Grammar
Ask your parents / caregivers for permission
Find out how they got your name and call that person
Find Out
Date
Hours
Address
Phone #
Number of children
Ages of children
Rate of pay

57. Babysitting Who Does What?
Getting Ready for the Job
Be sure you are clean and your clothing is clean and washable
Leave jewelry at home
Eat before you go unless you have been asked to eat with the children
Take a flashlight for emergencies and for checking the children
Make arrangements for your own transportation.
Arrive at the job on times.

58. Babysitting Who Does What?
What to get before parents leave.
Number where they can be reached
Children’s routines and customs
How to lock up
Emergency numbers (posted by the phone) and nearest neighbor’s phone number.
If medication is to be given, when and how much.
How misbehavior should be handled
When parents/care-givers plan to return
If deliveries are expected.

59. Your Responsibility
Watch the children and keep them safe at all times.
Follow the parent’s/care-givers’ instructions.
Keep your commitments unless you become ill or have a emergency.
Take charge of any situation.
Do not spank, slap, or threaten a child. Never use cruel punishment.
Stay off the phone.

60. Worksheets
Babysitting Isn’t Child’s Play
Walmart Story

61. Motto:
Keep them safe,
keep them happy

62. Parents/care-givers Responsibility
Set rates beforehand and pay immediately.
Pay extra after midnight and for any chores the caregiver is asked to do.
Be sober when driving the sitter to or from home.
Return home at the time agreed upon.
Have house reasonable clean and safe.
Take time to write down and explain instructions.

63. Babysitting Etiquette.
Honor the family’s privacy. Do not gossip about family problems.
Do not snoop through mail, drawers, closets, etc.
Do not invite friends over or talk on the phone without permission.
Be polite
Avoid objectionable language, even if you are allowed to use it at home.
Handle breakable items carefully.
Ask permission to use TV or stereo.

64. Babysitting Etiquette.
Clean up any messes you or the children make.
Follow household rules and routines.
Treat the home where you are working with care.
Entertain children with appropriate activities.
Caring for the children is your responsibility.
Inform parents on issues with children and any phone messages upon their return.

65. What Can I Do?
“Children will not remember you for the material things you provided but for the feeling that you cherished them.”
Richard L. Evans

66. How Do I Meet Their Needs?
Nurture
Think carefully about the words you say to the children.
Children are more likely to respond to praise and positive encouragement.

67. Babysitting Who Does What?
“Of the 19.6 million children between the ages of 1-5 years old in the year 2000, about 1.6 million children were never read stories in the week preceding the SIPP Survey.”
U.S. Census Bureau.

68. What Can I Do? Entertaining Children
Remember that the parent is paying you to watch and entertain their child or children.
Know what the parent expects of you in the way of entertainment.
If you are allowed to watch television or spend time on the computer while sitting, make sure what you are watching is appropriate for both you and the children.
If you are watching a movie with a child, use the movie rating system as your guide.

69. Caring for Infants Infants need a lot of physical care and protection:
Hold them firmly
Support the head and neck
Never leave on a bed, sofa or surface where they can wiggle/roll and fall off
Keep harmful objects out of reach

70. Caring for Infants When babies cry, find out what is wrong:
Hot or cold
Hungry
Sick
Wet diaper
When changing diaper, make sure necessary supplies are within your reach.

71. Preschoolers Toddlers are into everything. Safety is important
Watch them at all times

72. Preschoolers Can do more for themselves Still need your attention
Like being read to
Play with and talk to them

73. School-Age Children
May try to get away with behaviors parents do not allow.
Try to make friends, show sincere interest in their ideas and activities.
Stay calm, fair but firm if a child misbehaves.
Misbehavior may mean they want your attention. Try playing a game or reading a book together.

74. What Can I Do? Appropriate – suitable for the situation.
Priority – putting something first; can be people or things.
Routine – an order for completing tasks that is followed frequently.

75. What Can I Do? Priorities
Remember that the child or children are your first priority. Their needs and safety should always come first. It is important to remember that this is why you were hired as a caregiver.

76. Can I Be Successful?
“How far you go in life depends on you being tender with the young, compassionate with the aged, sympathetic with the striving, and tolerant of the weak and the strong. Because someday in life, you will have been all of these.”
George Washington Carver

77. Can I Be Successful?
Cautious – proceeding with alertness to a potential danger or problem.
Flexible – the ability to change as needed.
Mature – fully developed mentally.

78. Can I Be Successful?
Characteristics of a successful caregiver include being:
Alert
Compassionate
Cautious
Creative
Dependable
Enjoys children
Flexible
Gentle
Healthy
Mature
Patient
Self-controlled

79. Can I Be Successful?
“About 1 out of 3 child care workers is self-employed.”
U.S. Department of Labor,
Bureau of Labor Statistics

80. Career Corner Child Care Center Teacher Master Teacher
Child Care Center Director
Family Care Home Provider
Nanny
Kindergarten or Pre- K Teacher
Preschool Teacher
Pediatrician
Social Worker
School Counselor
Child Psychologist

81. The End

82. Interesting Facts
Sleep Requirements of Children over a 24-hour Period.
Age Total Hours of Sleep.
1 week hours
3 months 15 hours
9 months 15 hours
1 year hours

83. Interesting Facts Age Total Hours of Sleep 2 years 13 hours

84. How Do I Meet Their Needs?
Shelter
Keep doors and windows locked.
Sleep
Younger children need naps during the day.
Children need a routine for bedtime.

85. How Do I Meet Their Needs?
Safety
Never leave a child alone.
Always keep poison and household products out of the reach of children.
Make sure the house is child proofed
Remove broken toys or inappropriate toys from the reach of young children.