1. Community-based technology solutions: The Pintadas solar project in Brazil Rodolfo Pasinetti Rome, 20 November 2008 Second IMI CLIMTRAIN workshop CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: OPTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR IFAD

2. The need for technological solutions Rome, 20 November 2008 Technology innovation can help communities to adapt to the impacts of climate change. The UNFCCC emphasises the importance of technology transfer to address climate change and recognises that developing countries are less able to take advantage of new technologies. Technology transfer requires a framework that entails: – Hardware: the machinery or tools – Software: the capacity and processes involved in the use of technologies – “Orgware”: the ownership and institutional arrangements of the organization or community where technology will be used.

3. Adaptation methodology (I) Rome, 20 November 2008 The objective of an adaptation strategy is to be a reference for a “best practice” in adaptation The methodology for developing the strategy should outline all key components that are necessary to implement specific adaptation projects in a successful way

4. Adaptation methodology (II) Rome, 20 November 2008  Project identification and boundaries  Definition of the baseline scenario  General planning of the project  Setting up the activities  Monitoring plan and definition of the new scenario  Evaluation  Identification of scale-up possibilities The process phases should follow a methodology that allows to identify the characteristics of the project as a “best practice”

5. Rome, 20 November 2008 The 4 th Report of the National Working Group for Strategic Planning to the President of Brazil pointed out that the semi-arid region will experience longer periods of droughts and intense precipitations condensed over shorter periods of time. This is likely to affect the current water cycle and the way in which water is stored in local surface and groundwater reservoir. Poor communities are likely to suffer most because of their little capacity and resources to cope with such changes. Project identification and boundaries (I) Mapping the climate change vulnerable region/area and sector Mapping poverty at national, sub-national, socio-economic and occupational group Overlaying climate change and poverty (locate poverty hot-spot in relation with CC) Identify geographical and socio-economic boundaries (target group)

6. Project identification and boundaries (II) Rome, 20 November 2008 Pintadas About 12,000 people – 66% living in rural area Pasture and agriculture – Mostly subsitence agriculture Poverty – HDI 0.625 (Namibia) – GDP per capita 800 $ per year Recurrent droughts Manual irrigation Since the 1960’s, construction of artificial water reservoirs (barreiros or barragens) mostly for water supply, domestic use, pasture, subsistence agriculture Today there are over 50 barragens that can support efficient irrigation (about 130-200 hectares)

7. Definition of the baseline scenario Rome, 20 November 2008 Analyze what will be the impacts of climate change in a region that keeps using “conventional” technologies/strategies What will happen to farmers in Pintadas, with decreasing rainfall, if they will not have access to modern irrigation technologies? In Pintadas the baseline is defined by:  the impacts of climate change in the region investigated, i.e.decrease of rainfall  the impact to the target group, i.e. the farmers keep using “conventional” technologies such as hand irrigation

8. General planning of the project Rome, 20 November 2008 Objectives: to create a project typology in the context of adaptation to climate change in semi-arid regions to empower communities to own, use and generate income from clean technologies to develop a partnership model that can be replicated How to achieve this?  by analyzing other local experiences (if existing)  by articulating with direct and indirect project partners  by selecting the beneficiaries (through proper selection criteria)  by developing a technology platform based on efficient and clean irrigation and water pumping technologies that increase the agricultural yields of local food crops  by supporting farmers to own the model and make them more entrepreneurial

9. Setting up project activities (I) Rome, 20 November 2008 Definition of the technology platform: to increase food production to produce food surplus to supply local markets to produce different kinds of crops (for different uses) Technological options for irrigation and pumping: contact with suppliers acquisition and installation of systems capacity building

10. Setting up project activities (II) Rome, 20 November 2008 2 organoponic systems of 75 m 2 – Green leaves vegetables only – Other variants with fruits and other cultures Cost of about 7000 R$ (3500 $) 5 drip irrigation – 4 systems sharing a diesel pump – 1 system with a solar photovoltaic pump Cost between 3000 and 4500 R$ ($ 1500 and $ 2400)

11. Monitoring plan (I) Rome, 20 November 2008 Products sold Tomatoes Salad Cowflower Sunflower Corn Mashishi Green pepper Chilli pepper Aubergine Pumpkins System 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 May 2007 June July August September October November December January 2008 February March April May R$

12. Monitoring plan (II) Rome, 20 November 2008 Products sold Tomato Beans Green pepper Cachiche Quiabo Pepino Salad Persika Spieces System 2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 June 2007 July August September October November December January 2008 February March April May June July August September October November December R$ Venda, R$ Custo diesel, R$ Lucro, R$

13. Evaluation Rome, 20 November 2008 The 7 project beneficiaries – Are self-sufficient in terms of food production and consumption – Have an extra income – Have gone through a learning process that has enhanced their leadership skills The project – Has been a catalyzer for partnerships – Has given hope to local farmers Payback of the system – 1 to 6 years – Microfinance is applicable

14. Scaling up Rome, 20 November 2008 1.Articulation of the partnership 2.Creation of a revolving fund 3.Identification of land and water resources for replication 4.Identification of other technological platforms 5.Capacity building mechanism for small farmers 6.Monitoring 7.Launching a municipal program 8.Replication in other municipalities