1. Southern, Middle & New England Colonies

5. Southern Colonies Virginia (1607) – Jamestown
1st English colony in N.A.
Province of Carolina (1629)
Split into NC & SC (1712)
Maryland (1632)
Founded by Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
Haven for Catholics (Act of Toleration-1649)
Georgia (1733)
Founded by James Oglethorpe
Debtors
Economic characteristics of the Colonial Period •
The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing. The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans’ strong
belief in the values of hard work and thrift.
The middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. Cities such as New York, and Philadelphia began to grow as
seaports and commercial centers.
Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations that grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo for export to Europe. Farther inland,
however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.

6. Southern Colonies Economies based on large plantations Cash Crops
Tobacco, rice, & indigo
Economic characteristics of the Colonial Period •
The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing. The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans’ strong
belief in the values of hard work and thrift.
The middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. Cities such as New York, and Philadelphia began to grow as
seaports and commercial centers.
Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations that grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo for export to Europe. (Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from plants, and this process was important economically because blue dyes were once rare.)
Farther inland, however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.

7. Southern Colonies Economic characteristics of the Colonial Period •
The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing. The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans’ strong
belief in the values of hard work and thrift.
The middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. Cities such as New York, and Philadelphia began to grow as
seaports and commercial centers.
Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations that grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo for export to Europe. Farther inland,
however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.

8. Southern Colonies Economies based on large plantations Cash Crops
Tobacco, rice, & indigo
Relied on slave labor
Economic characteristics of the Colonial Period •
The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing. The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans’ strong
belief in the values of hard work and thrift.
The middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. Cities such as New York, and Philadelphia began to grow as
seaports and commercial centers.
Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations that grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo for export to Europe. (Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from plants, and this process was important economically because blue dyes were once rare.)
Farther inland, however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.

10. Southern Colonies Economies based on large plantations
Cash Crops
Tobacco, rice, & indigo
Relied on slave labor
In the “west” - subsistence farming, hunting, trading
Economic characteristics of the Colonial Period •
The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing. The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans’ strong
belief in the values of hard work and thrift.
The middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. Cities such as New York, and Philadelphia began to grow as
seaports and commercial centers.
Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations that grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo for export to Europe. (Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from plants, and this process was important economically because blue dyes were once rare.)
Farther inland, however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.

12. Southern Colonies Government Economies based on large plantations
Cash Crops
Tobacco, rice, & indigo
Relied on slave labor
In the “west” - subsistence farming, hunting, trading
Government
Controlled by wealthy land-holders
Strong connection to England
Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)
1st elected legislature in N.A.
Economic characteristics of the Colonial Period •
The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing. The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans’ strong
belief in the values of hard work and thrift.
The middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. Cities such as New York, and Philadelphia began to grow as
seaports and commercial centers.
Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations that grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo for export to Europe. (Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from plants, and this process was important economically because blue dyes were once rare.)
Farther inland, however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.

13. Virginia House of Burgesses

14. Middle Colonies Province of New York Delaware New Jersey (1664)
Originally New Netherland (1613)
New York (1664)
Delaware
New Netherland & New Sweden (1638)
English in 1664
New Jersey (1664)
Province of Pennsylvania
Land grant to William Penn (1681)
Quakers
Social characteristics of the colonies •
New England’s colonial society was based on religious standing. The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged the Puritans’ belief in the connection between religion and government.
Rhode Island was founded by dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts.
The middle colonies were home to multiple religious groups, including Quakers in Pennsylvania, Huguenots and Jews in New York, and Presbyterians in New Jersey, who generally believed in religious tolerance.
These colonies had more flexible social structures and began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers
Virginia and the Southern colonies had a social structure based on family status and the ownership of land. Large land-owners in the eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society
and maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and closer social ties to England than in the other colonies.
In the mountains and valleys further inland, however, society was characterized by small subsistence farmers, hunters and traders of Scots-Irish and English descent.

15. Middle Colonies
Economy was based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, & trading
NY & Philly key trading centers
Social characteristics of the colonies •
New England’s colonial society was based on religious standing. The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged the Puritans’ belief in the connection between religion and government.
Rhode Island was founded by dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts.
The middle colonies were home to multiple religious groups, including Quakers in Pennsylvania, Huguenots and Jews in New York, and Presbyterians in New Jersey, who generally believed in religious tolerance.
These colonies had more flexible social structures and began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers
Virginia and the Southern colonies had a social structure based on family status and the ownership of land. Large land-owners in the eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society
and maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and closer social ties to England than in the other colonies.
In the mountains and valleys further inland, however, society was characterized by small subsistence farmers, hunters and traders of Scots-Irish and English descent.

17. Middle Colonies
Economy was based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, & trading
NY & Philly key trading centers
Toleration
Groups persecuted in Europe found refuge here
Quakers, Mennonites, Amish – PA
Jews, Huguenots – NY
Presbyterians - NJ
Social characteristics of the colonies •
New England’s colonial society was based on religious standing. The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged the Puritans’ belief in the connection between religion and government.
Rhode Island was founded by dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts.
The middle colonies were home to multiple religious groups, including Quakers in Pennsylvania, Huguenots and Jews in New York, and Presbyterians in New Jersey, who generally believed in religious tolerance.
These colonies had more flexible social structures and began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers
Virginia and the Southern colonies had a social structure based on family status and the ownership of land. Large land-owners in the eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society
and maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and closer social ties to England than in the other colonies.
In the mountains and valleys further inland, however, society was characterized by small subsistence farmers, hunters and traders of Scots-Irish and English descent.

18. New York City (1771)

19. Middle Colonies
Economy was based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, & trading
NY & Philly key trading centers
Toleration
Groups persecuted in Europe found refuge here
Quakers, Mennonites, Amish – PA
Jews, Huguenots – NY
Presbyterians - NJ
Government reflected this as well
Democratic principles reflected the basic rights of Englishmen
Social characteristics of the colonies •
New England’s colonial society was based on religious standing. The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged the Puritans’ belief in the connection between religion and government.
Rhode Island was founded by dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts.
The middle colonies were home to multiple religious groups, including Quakers in Pennsylvania, Huguenots and Jews in New York, and Presbyterians in New Jersey, who generally believed in religious tolerance.
These colonies had more flexible social structures and began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers
Virginia and the Southern colonies had a social structure based on family status and the ownership of land. Large land-owners in the eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society
and maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and closer social ties to England than in the other colonies.
In the mountains and valleys further inland, however, society was characterized by small subsistence farmers, hunters and traders of Scots-Irish and English descent.

20. New England Colonies Connecticut (1635) Massachusetts (1691)
Plymouth (1620) & Mass. Bay (1628)
Separatist & Puritans
Connecticut (1635)
Rhode Island & Providence Plantations (1636)
Roger Williams & Anne Hutchison
Province of New Hampshire (1680)
Political life in the colonies •
New England colonies – the use of town meetings (an “Athenian” direct democracy model) in the operation of government made this the most democratic of the colonial regions.
Middle colonies – incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen.
Southern colonies – maintained stronger ties with Britain, with planters playing leading roles in representative colonial legislatures.

21. New England Colonies Religion
Founded by groups seeking religious freedom
Pilgrims (Plymouth)
John Winthrop (Mass. Bay Colony)
Puritans
“City on a hill”
Salem Witch Trials ( )
Rhode Island
Founded by people kicked out of Mass.

22. New England Colonies Economy
Based on shipbuilding, fishing & whaling, lumbering, subsistence farming
Political life in the colonies •
New England colonies – the use of town meetings (an “Athenian” direct democracy model) in the operation of government made this the most democratic of the colonial regions.
Middle colonies – incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen.
Southern colonies – maintained stronger ties with Britain, with planters playing leading roles in representative colonial legislatures.

24. Charles W. Morgan – Mystic, CT

25. New England Colonies Government Economy
Based on shipbuilding, fishing &whaling, lumbering, subsistence farming
Prosperous → reflected Puritans’ strong belief in hard work & thrift
Government
“Athenian” town hall – pure democracy
Only for “true believers”
Mayflower Compact (1620)
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
1st written constitution
democratic
Political life in the colonies •
New England colonies – the use of town meetings (an “Athenian” direct democracy model) in the operation of government made this the most democratic of the colonial regions.
Middle colonies – incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen.
Southern colonies – maintained stronger ties with Britain, with planters playing leading roles in representative colonial legislatures.