1. The Southern Colonies and The Commercial North Chp 3.2 and 3.3

2. South - Plantation Economy Why a plantation? Transportation options? Cash crop Self contained Charles Town Population diversity: Scots Irish German - plantation owners were top of society -small farmers were most of the population -second class role of women - indentured servants

3. South - Economic -growth of cash crops tobacco, rice, indigo -large plantations dominate economy -many small farms also -few towns and cities due to agriculural lifestyle

4. Slavery and the Middle Passage -slaves would replace Indians and indentured servants -Triangular Trade slaves-sugar-rum -Middle Passage - Slave culture dance, religion -slave resistance

5. The Middle Passag e

6. The slave trade devastated African life. Culture and traditions were torn asunder, as families, especially young men, were abducted. Guns were introduced and slave raids and even wars increased.

9. Cities Begin to Develop -most were port cities Boston New York Philadelphia Charleston -urban problems fire clean water waste poverty

10. Industrial North -diversified economy -harsher weather conditions -food exports -lumber industry -ship building -iron making

11. Industrial North --not as much slavery -crops required less labor -many house or dock workers -slaves had more rights than southern slaves -still considered less than human

12. Industrial North --not as much slavery -crops required less labor -many house or dock workers -slaves had more rights than southern slaves -still considered less than human

13. Women’s Roles -few legal rights -did many jobs on the farms of the region -only single women could own property or run a business -religion also helped to make women submit to men

14. Salem Witch Trials -1692 - Salem, Massachusetts -Puritan community standards being challenged -young girls accused people of being witches -the accused named other witches -witches were often executed -trials later suspended due to poor evidence

15. Enlightment vs. Great Awakening

16. Enlightenement The thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment believed that human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, and tyranny and to build a better world. Their principal target was religion It began with the Renaissance or the rebirth of creativity and spirit of ancient Greeks and Romans

17. The colonies may have been founded by leaders of various dogmatic religious persuasions but when it became necessary to unite against England, it was apparent that no one of them could prevail over the others, and that the most desirable course was to agree to disagree Nothing more powerfully impelled the movement toward the separation of church and state than the realization that no one church could dominate this new state.

18. Enlightenment --stresses the use of reason and scientific method -John Locke’s theory of human understanding -human minds begin as blank slates -led to many scientific discoveries -Benjamin Franklin -also led to increasing education

19. Enlightenment -Natural Rights life, liberty, property -Social Contract an agreement between a people and their gov’t to protect their rights -Baron Montesquieu separation of powers in gov’t The language of natural law, of inherent freedoms, of self- determination which seeped so deeply into the American grain was the language of the Enlightenment, though often coated with a light glaze of traditional religion, what has been called our "civil religion."

20. Great Awakening -a revival of the Puritan faith - Gilbert Tenant- 1st sign of Grt. Awakening. Minister of Presbyterians in Pa & New Jersey # 1

21. Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” evoked vivid, terrifying images of the utter corruption of human nature and the terrors awaiting the unrepentant in hell. #2

22. Great Awakening -George Whitefield Whitefield--and many American preachers who eagerly imitated his style-- presented that message in novel ways. Gesturing dramatically, sometimes weeping openly or thundering out threats of hellfire-and-brimstone, they turned the sermon into a gripping theatrical performance. #3

23. Education -rate of education higher in colonies than in England -religious purposes -establishment of universities Harvard, Colombia, Princeton, and Yale Originally known as "the Log College," it is better known today as Princeton University.