1. The Thirteen Colonies

2. New England Colonies Hilly land, rocky soil, and a jagged coastline.
Dense forests.
Summers were mild
and the winters were
cold.

3. Religion The church helped shape every day life.
Lives were centered around religion, family duties
and public work.
The Puritan work ethic helped colonists prosper.

4. Government Colonies had democratic systems of government.
Town Hall Meetings were the center of
New England politics.

5. Economy Trade was vital to the economy. Important industries were:
Buy
Sell
Important industries were:
Fishing
Forestry and lumber
Shipbuilding

6. Plymouth Colony
Plymouth was established by Pilgrims, separatists from the Church of England, in 1620.
The Mayflower Compact was written
when colonists landed too far away
from Virginia to be ruled by its government.
William Bradford
was governor.

7. Massachusetts Bay Colony
The colony was settled by Puritans
in 1630 who wanted to avoid
religious persecution.
John Winthrop was the colony’s governor.
The Great Migration brought 20,000
settlers to Massachusetts.
Politics and religion were closely linked.
Colonists held town meetings, but
only male church members could vote.

8. New Hampshire Some colonists settled north of Massachusetts.
The colony grew slowly.
The colony became known as New Hampshire.

9. Connecticut Reverend Thomas Hooker and his followers left
Massachusetts to establish
Connecticut.
Reverend Hooker helped develop the
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
This was a plan of government which
gave more people the right to vote.

10. Rhode Island Minister Roger Williams believed the Puritan
church had too much
power.
He was forced to leave Massachusetts.
Williams and his supporters formed a
new colony called Rhode Island.
Williams supported:
Separation of church and state
Religious tolerance
Fair treatment of American Indians

11. Middle Colonies Fertile farmland Good climate to grow crops
Called the “Breadbasket
Colonies”

12. Religion Settlers in the Middle Colonies protected religious freedom.
They were the most religiously tolerant of all colonies.
Not one religious group dominated the region.

13. Government Middle Colonies had colonial assemblies.
Representatives were elected by the people.

14. Economy Farms grew staple crops such as wheat, barley and oats.
Became known as the “Breadbasket Colonies.””
Farmers also raised and sold
livestock such as cattle and pigs.
Rich deposits of iron ore resulted in
the ironworks industry becoming important.

15. New York Dutch settlers founded the colony of New Netherland for the
purpose of trading furs.
In 1664, the English took control and renamed
the colony New York.

16. New Jersey Land was given to Lord John Berkeley
and Sir George Carteret.
They named their
colony New Jersey.

17. Pennsylvania William Penn was granted a
charter for a colony to protect
the Quakers who were suffering
from religious persecution.
The colony of Pennsylvania was
established in 1682.
Quakers believed all people had an
inner goodness and all men were equal.
Religious freedom was promised to all.

18. Delaware In land originally settled by Sweden, William Penn acquired
this area south of Pennsylvania.
As the Lower Counties were settled, they
elected their own assembly.
Later they became the colony of Delaware.

19. Southern Colonies Large area with Appalachian Mountains
on western boundary
and Atlantic Ocean
on eastern boundary.
Climate and soil good
for warm-weather crops.

20. Religion The Anglican Church, or the Church of England, was the
dominate religion.
Maryland, however, was
established for the Catholics
to practice their religion.

21. Government Southern colonies held colonial assemblies
House of Burgesses
was the first
representative
government
in the colonies.
Southern colonies held colonial assemblies
and decisions were usually made
at the county level.

22. The Southern economy depended on agriculture.
Indentured Servants
Signed a contract to work
4 to 7 years for the people
who paid their ship fare to
America
75% of early Virginia
colonists were indentured
servants
Living conditions were poor
After period of indenture
were able to claim land
Slave Labor
First Africans sold in
Virginia in 1619
Virginia colonists turned
to slave labor when
demand for workers
increased
Living conditions were
poor
Were kept in lifelong
slavery

23. Economy Farmers grew cash crops, which are crops sold for profit,
such as:
Tobacco
Rice
Indigo

24. Virginia First settlement was Jamestown In 1607.
Jamestown became successful after
John Rolfe introduced a mild variety of
tobacco for export to England.

25. Virginia
John Smith was governor
of Virginia.
Capt. Smith helped the
colony of Jamestown by
making colonists
plant food crops and build
sturdy housing.

26. Maryland Cecilius Calvert, known as Lord Baltimore, was given a
charter to start colony for a
refuge for Catholics.
In 1634, 200 colonists formed the
colony of Maryland.
Lord Baltimore passed the Toleration Acts of 1649.
This was one of the first laws supporting religious
tolerance passed in the English Colonies.

27. North and South Carolina
Founded in 1663, North and
South Carolina were one colony.
They were later separated.
North Carolina colonists were mostly poor
tobacco farmers with smaller farms.
South Carolina had large plantations
and depended on slave labor to
raise rice and indigo.

28. Georgia James Oglethorpe was granted a charter and
established the colony
of Georgia in 1733.
Georgia was founded for poor English citizens.
Some had been jailed for unpaid debts.