2. The Middle Colonies (Restoration Colonies)
New York
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Delaware

3. English Line of Succession
House of Stuart
James I ( )
Charles I ( )
Commonwealth
Council of State ( )
Oliver Cromwell ( )
Richard Cromwell ( )
Restoration of the House of Stuart
Charles II ( )
James II ( )
William III ( )
Mary II ( )

4. New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony
Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]
1664  English soldiers arrived.
Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.
forced to surrender without firing a shot.
Renamed “New York”
England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.
England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

5. Duke of York’s Original Charter

6. (Another restoration colony)
Pennsylvania
(Another restoration colony)

7. The Quakers
Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.
They offended religious & secular leaders in England.
Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.
They met without paid clergy
Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference.
Keep hats on.
Addressed them as commoners  ”thees”/“thous.”
Wouldn’t take oaths.
Pacifists.

9. William Penn Aristocratic Englishman.
1660 – attracted to the Quaker faith.
Embraced Quakerism after military service.
1681  he received a grant from king to establish a colony.
This settled a debt the king owed his father.
Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].
Actively advertised to Dutch and Germans
Religious freedom, cheap land

10. Pennsylvanian Society
Attracted many different people
Religious misfits from other colonies.
Many different ethnic groups.
No provision for military defense.
No restrictions on immigration.
No slavery!!
Got along well with Native Americans

11. New Jersey

12. Delaware

13. Economics of the Middle Colonies
Exported lots of food
Wheat, corn, rye, oats
Longer growing season

14. Religion in the Middle Colonies
No established church dominated the middle colonies
Diverse population=many religions
1750, region had more congregations per capita than any other colonial region, even New England

15. The Colonial South

16. The Carolinas

17. The Carolinas (more Restoration Colonies)
Named for King Charles II.
The King granted Carolina to 8 supporters
They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.
Charles Town (Charleston) would become busiest port in the south

18. Crops of the Carolinas: Rice
The primary export.
Rice was still an exotic food in England.
Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.
These slaves had a genetic trait that made them partially immune to malaria.
By 1710  black slaves were a majority in Carolina.

19. Crops of the Carolinas: Indigo
In colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes.
Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

20. Georgia

21. Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony
Last colony founded
Named for King George II
Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:
As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.
A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.

22. Southern Economy Based on cash crops
Chesapeake (Virginia & Maryland): tobacco
N. Carlolina, S. Carolina, Georgia: rice, indigo
West Indies: sugar cane

23. Social and Political Hierarchy
Wealthy, slave-owning Planter Class
Farmers who didn’t own slaves
Women
Indentured servants
Slaves

24. Religion in the Southern Colonies
• Mainly Anglican
– Anglican church was the official religion and public funds paid the clergy
– Colonists not members of the Anglican Church were labeled as “dissenters”
• Non-Anglican southerners tended to be from the lower classes

25. Picture of the South in the 1700’s:
Large slave population
Few large cities. Why?
Stratified society: wealthy planters, poor whites, blacks
Role of women?
Indentured servants?