1. The Columbian Exchange 1.What is the Columbian Exchange? 2.What was exchanged? 3.How did the Columbian Exchange affect society? Questions of the Day

2. The Columbian Exchange Essential Questions: 1. What was the Columbian Exchange? 2. What was its impact on the old and new worlds? 3. What are some examples of the impact of the Columbian Exchange?

3. What was the Columbian Exchange? Most significant event in the history of world ecology, agriculture, and culture Term used to describe the widespread exchange of: ◦ Plants ◦ Animals ◦ Foods ◦ Human populations (including slaves) ◦ Communicable diseases ◦ Ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres after 1492 To America, Europeans introduced crops ◦ Crops would later serve as cash crops for export by the colonists

4. Impact on Native Americans Colonization brought the spread of disease Europeans brought measles, mumps, chicken pox, and small pox Diseases devastated Native American communities Nearly 1/3 of Hispaniola’s approximately 300,000 inhabitants died during Columbus’s time there By 1508 fewer than 100,000 survivors lived on the island The European disease was the ultimate conqueror of America

5. Impact on Africa The Slave Trade Begins With disease devastating the native workforce Europeans turned to Africa for slaves African Losses African slave trade devastated many African societies Before the slave trade ended in the 1800s Africa lost at least 12 million people

6. Impact on Europe New types of food and animals were brought back to Europe This had both positive and negative aspects: ◦ Positive because they served as a valuable source for food ◦ Negative because they destroyed their croplands Plants carried back to Europe enriched nutrition in the Old World and this resulted in major population explosions

7. Plant, Animal, and Disease Where did it originate? Impact Animal Plant Disease Horse Turkey Chicken Tomato Maize Potato Syphilis Smallpox Old World New World Allowed Native Americans to shift to a nomadic lifestyle Provided new food source for Europeans Provided new food source for New World inhabitants Staple of Italian cuisine today, world wide use World’s most important cereal crop (plant with edible seeds) World staple crop; failure of Irish crop lead to massive American migration First outbreak after 1492 believed to have killed more than 5 million Europeans Devastated Native populations who were not resistant

8. The Columbian Exchange