1. Western Europe
Age of Exploration

2. Why did it take place?
The Age of Exploration was rooted in new technologies and ideas growing out of the Renaissance.
Included advances in cartography, navigation and shipbuilding. Many people wanted to find a route to Asia through the west of Europe.
Developed a curiosity in people.

4. Why was exploration important to Europe?
European traders traveled across the Mediterranean in search of spices and riches.
Why spices?
Used to preserve food before there were refrigerators
Were in a high demand in Europe.
Improve flavor
Cinnamon, pepper, nutmeg and cloves
Insert a map of your country.

5. Why was there a need to explore?
European merchants knew that if they could trade directly with Asia (people who had spices) they could make enormous profits.
Began to search for new routes to Asia
Needed a shorter and more direct route

6. Other reasons for exploration . . .
Review . . .
Need for trade routes to Asia
Desire for spices
Curiosity about new areas developed from the Renaissance
Desire for new land
Nations of Europe competed with each other in the 1400’s for political and economic power.
In order to improve their economic strength, they needed more natural resources.
Establishing colonies provided new markets for their goods.
Gold, God & Glory
Some explorers desired fame and riches
Others – mostly Catholics – wanted to spread their religion
Decrease the influence of Muslims – Spread their culture through trade Who brought the spices to Europe first?

7. Summarizing Activity
Match the reason for exploration with the correct description . . .
New Land
Spice Trade
Renaissance Movement
God, Gold & Glory
Spirit of curiosity about the world
Spread of Religion
Motivation to find new routes to Asia
Improved economic strength and influence

8. Who were the leaders in exploration? Portugese Explorers
Prince Henry the Navigator (1394 – 1460)
From Portugal
Began worldwide exploration
Paid for over 50 Portuguese explorations into Western Africa
Believed a path around Africa would be a shortcut to Asia
Returned with gold dust, ivory and navigation knowledge
Founded a School of Navigation in 1450
Teach new methods of traveling across the seas
Plan expeditions using latest maps, tools and knowledge of ocean winds and currents
Paid mapmakers to create detailed maps of new explorations.

9. Summarizing Activity – Think, Pair, Share
List four accomplishments of Prince Henry the Navigator.

10. Bartholomew Dias (1450 – 1500)
Rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488
Named it the Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama (1469 – 1524)
Reached the coast of India
Took 317 days and 13,500 miles
First European to discover a sea route to Asia

11. By the time Prince Henry the Navigator died in 1460, the Portuguese had ventured around the great bulge of western Africa and reached India.
They control the seas.

12. Who were the leaders in exploration? Spanish Explorers
Christopher Columbus ( )
Italian who sailed for Spain
Believed the shortest way to Asia was to sail directly west – tried in 1492
One of first Europeans to discover the Americas – The Bahamas
Was responsible for beginning European exploration to the New World
Voyages led to the eventual establishment of colonies in the New World

13. Christopher Columbus’ First Journey

14. Ferdinand Magellan (1480 - 1521)
His crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe – which proved the Earth was round.
It took 3 years to return to Spain
He was killed before they got home – died in the Philippines.
Circumnavigate
To sail completely around
Animaniacs - Ballad of Magellan
Astrolabe
used to measure the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon

15. Ferdinand Magellan’s Trip Around the World

17. Other Famous Explorers…
Amerigo Vespucci
From Italy
Explored South America
Marco Polo
Traveled the Silk Road to China
Jacques Cartier
From France
Explored the St. Lawrence Seaway
Leif Erickson
From Norway
Explored Newfoundland, in Canada
Pedro Cabral
From Portugal
Discovered the first sea route to Brazil
Hernando Cortes
From Spain
Explored Latin America
Ponce de Leon
Searched for the Fountain of Youth in Florida
Francisco Pizarro
Hernando Desoto
Discovered the Mississippi River
Vasco de Balboa
Spain
Crossed the Isthmus of Panama
1st to see the Pacific Ocean from the New World

18. What countries held the major colonial empires?
Great Britain
France
Portugal
Spain

19. Portuguese Empire West Coast of Africa South America Africa and Asia
Gold and Slaves
South America
Brazil
Gold and Sugar
Africa and Asia
Important trading posts in coastal areas
Focus was on trade vs. taking over new lands

20. Spanish Empire South America North America (Western USA, Mexico)
Pacific Islands (Philippines)
Caribbean
Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic
North America (Western USA, Mexico)
Central America

21. Spanish Empire Largest and Strongest Empire Latin America
Mexico, Central America and South America
Conquered the Aztec and Inca
Made money from gold and silver found in the Americas
Used to finance military wars & buy Asian silk and spices
Spread Catholic religion major part of exploration
North Africa
Established in late 1400’s and early 1500’s
Protect trade interests
Claimed the Phillipines for King Phillip II – location of Magellan’s death

22. Summarizing Activity – True or False
Portugal
Portugal’s rulers had no interest in exploration or in using the seas for trade.
Portugal was more interested in conquering a land and its people than in trade.
Spain
Brazil was conquered by Spain.
The Philippine Islands were named after a Spanish queen.
Spain was interested in spreading the Catholic religion.
Spain established a large settlement in southern Africa to protect its trade interests.

23. British Empire North America (Canada, USA)
Caribbean (Bahamas, Jamaica)
Africa
Australia & New Zealand
Asia (India)

24. British Empire Major reason for colonization
One of the most powerful empires in history.
Controlled 1/5 of the world’s land at its peak in the 1900’s. ’s
Est. tobacco plantations in the Caribbean
Colonies along the coast of North America
Colonists came seeking religious freedom
1600 – Chartered the East India Company
Traded in the East Indies – India and SE Asia
1858 – India became a colony of Great Britain
Late 1600’s – first explored Australia
Strong colonial presence in late 1700’s after American independence.
Major reason for colonization
Mercantilism – economic policy where the colonies helped the mother country by providing valuable natural resources and a market for goods

25. French Empire
Samuel de Champlain founded the colony of Quebec as a trading post in 1608.
Similar to the Spanish, the French were very interested in spreading their religion to the lands they colonized.
North America
Central USA (Louisiana)
Eastern Canada
Caribbean (Haiti)
India and SE Asia
Africa & Madagascar

26. Summarizing Activity
In which 2 areas did Great Britain establish colonies in North America?
What company established trade between England, India and SE Asia?
Which country became a colony of England in 1858?
What is an economic policy where colonies exist to increase the wealth of the mother country?
Which colony became more important to England after losing the American colonies?
Samuel de Champlain founded a trading post where in 1608?
What was the name of the French territory in central North America?
India
Caribbean
Louisiana
Atlantic coast
Australia
East India
Mercantilism
Quebec

27. What were the effects of exploration?
Imperialism
One country controls the government or economy of another country – in order to form an empire.
Indigenous populations were forced to change their cultural traditions to those of the conquering country.
Indigenous – born and living in a place, rather than coming from somewhere else
Religious Conversion
European monarchs were Christians
Sent missionaries to convert indigenous people

28. Spread of Disease
Explorers spread disease to indigenous people because they didn’t have immunity (natural resistance to disease)
Smallpox – only disease to be completely eradicated today
Malaria – spread by mosquitoes
Measles – can spread through fluids (nose/mouth) or airborne presents as a rash

29. Slavery Increase in slave trade
Purchased to work the land and replace many indigenous (native) people who had died from European diseases.
Estimated million Africans forced into slavery between

31. What were the effects of exploration on Europe?
European countries founded many new colonies
Imperialism
As new lands = new natural resources
Fertile soil, furs, etc.
European countries became very competitive with one another
Each trying to become the MOST powerful
Most land, most resources, most money, largest military

32. BE SURE TO STUDY FOR THE QUIZ!!!
What was the Renaissance?
3 key individuals of the Renaissance
Importance of the printing press
3 G’s – be able to apply information
Prince Henry and Magellan
Location of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires
East India Trading Company
Major Reasons for exploration