1. Fluency with Information Technology 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology 1 INFO100 and CSE100 Katherine Deibel

2.  Search allows us to manage large amounts of information  Largest area of research within Artificial Intelligence 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology2

3. A. Librarians usually choose only authoritative sources. B. The truth of information on paper pages is higher than on electronic pages. C. Most books in libraries are old, and people used to be more truthful in the past. D. None of these choices. 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology3 Librarians choose what is available in the library, and they try to get the best information possible. Libraries pre-vet the information for you.

4. 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology4 A. Take a long time to produce B. Contain only information the author selects C. Contain only a single point of view D. All of the above Of course, books are note bad source of information, but these factors must be taken into account.

5.  How is a book index made?  Not just a list of all words in the book (that is called a concordance)  Human-led process  Subjective selection of key terms and locations in the text  Cross-referencing of related terms to aid the reader 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology5

6.  Take the textbook  Look up fluency in the index  How many pages does it list?  Imagine a digital version of the book  How many times will a search find the word 'fluency'? 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology6

7. Electronic books are common, and many e-readers provide search functionality.  Which is more helpful: the human- created index or the search engine?  Does it differ by task? How so? 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology7

8. Search is a Tool not a Solution! 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology8

9. Making Google, Bing, etc. work for you 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology9

10.  Google and other search engines are not always the first place to look!  You might be able to guess the site and the URL you need  Need tax information: irs.gov  Need spelling help: dictionary.com  When is "Leverage" on: tnt.com Ooops… that should be tnt.tv 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology10

11. A. Must be used on the hit page. B. Must be used on the hit page more than once. C. Could be on another page as anchor text in the link to the hitting page. D. None of these choices. The word must be descriptive of a page meaning that it is: used on the page in the URL for the page used in the anchor text for a link to the page.

12. 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology12 Page rank on a search engine is usually based on popularity.

13. A search engine has two parts: The Web crawler The query processor A. one B. two C. more D. don’t know 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology13

14. A.Checks search terms against the database of web pages, or Index B.Cleans up the search terms C.Follows links to Web pages to find matching terms D.1 and 2 E.2 and 3 F.Don't know 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology14

15.  No one controls what’s published on the WWW... it is totally decentralized  To find out, search engines crawl the Web  Two parts  A crawler visits Web pages building an index of the content (stored in a database)  A query processor checks user requests against the index, reports on known pages 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology15 Only a fraction of the Web’s content is crawled

16.  Constantly updated  Huge! http://www.worldwidewebsize.com/ http://www.worldwidewebsize.com/  Google's index is currently averaging 49 billion web pages! 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology16

17.  It's not just one index 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology17 AliceBob Google Index The Illusion

18.  It's not just one index 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology18 AliceBob The Reality Google Index

19.  It's not just one index  The large database and high demand requires a distributed approach  Separate servers run different versions of the index  Each server is updated at different times and rates 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology19

20.  Their search results will differ slightly  First page of results will likely be the same 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology20 AliceBob The Reality Google Index

21.  Search results constantly change  Bookmark the sites you find... They might drop down in the results  Collaborative searching can be tricky 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology21

22.  Search Engine terms are independent  Words don’t have to occur together  Use Boolean queries and quotes  Logical Operators: AND, OR, NOT monet AND water AND lilies “van gogh” OR gauguin vermeer AND girl AND NOT pearl Search for  Mona Lisa 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology22

23.  Most search engines will return pages containing ALL of your search terms  Too many words in a search could hurt  The OR operator is helpful here  IBM stock prices 2005 OR 2006 OR 2007 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology23

24. 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology24

25.  Limit by top level domains or format  Find terms most specific to topic  Look elsewhere for key words, e.g. bio  Use exact phrase only when universal  If too many hits, re-query  Add another search term  Decide if you want an AND or OR  Try quotes around paired words 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology25

26.  The key to good research  My dissertation example  I kept looking for: assistive technology rejection  The research terms are: abandonment or discontinuance  Went from finding 100 papers 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology26

27. These apply to Google but many search engines have similar features  "several words" search for words in that order  "word" search only for that word and not any synonyms, plurals, etc.  -word exclude word from the search  site:url search only on a specific site  ~word include synonyms of word in the search 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology27

28.  define word  67 to hex  1072 * 35  150 GBP in USD  Do a barrel roll 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology28

29. When Finding is not Enough 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology29

30. A. Wrong. B. Correct. C. Pictures of cats. D. Pornography. E. Meaningless chatter. F. Of varying usefulness and credibility 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology30

31.  Accessing information from the web is easy  But you must be careful  Anyone can post anything  It is easy to fake authority  Don't use Wikipedia 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology31

32.  The Web is a common source of information  The problem with misleading information is in people accepting it at face value 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology32

33. Authorship  Is there an author? You may need to…  Can you tell whether the author is knowledgeable and credible? If the author's qualifications aren't listed… Sponsorship  What does the URL tell you? The URL ending often specifies the type of group hosting the site: commercial (.com), educational (.edu), nonprofit (.org), … Currency  How current is the site?  How current are the site's links? If many of the links no longer work, the site may be too dated for your purposes. Excerpt from Hacker’s A Pocket Manual of Style (2008)

34. Authorship  Is there an author? You may need to…  Can you tell whether the author is knowledgeable and credible? If the author's qualifications aren't listed… Sponsorship  What does the URL tell you? The URL ending often specifies the type of group hosting the site: commercial (.com), educational (.edu), nonprofit (.org)… Currency  How current is the site?  How current are the site's links? If many of the links no longer work, the site may be too dated for your purposes. INACCURATE:.org has never been restricted to only nonprofits

35. Authorship  Is there an author? You may need to…  Can you tell whether the author is knowledgeable and credible? If the author's qualifications aren't listed… Sponsorship  What does the URL tell you? The URL ending often specifies the type of group hosting the site: commercial (.com), educational (.edu), nonprofit (.org)… Currency  How current is the site?  How current are the site's links? If many of the links no longer work, the site may be too dated for your purposes. Not all domains are regulated Domains reflect only general purposes and not specific pages

36. Authorship  Is there an author? You may need to…  Can you tell whether the author is knowledgeable and credible? If the author's qualifications aren't listed… Sponsorship  What does the URL tell you? The URL ending often specifies the type of group hosting the site: commercial (.com), educational (.edu), nonprofit (.org)… Currency  How current is the site?  How current are the site's links? If many of the links no longer work, the site may be too dated for your purposes. Ignores complexity of web authorship Encourages the usage of titles, degrees, and symbols of authority to determine credibility

37. Authorship  Is there an author? You may need to…  Can you tell whether the author is knowledgeable and credible? If the author's qualifications aren't listed… Sponsorship  What does the URL tell you? The URL ending often specifies the type of group hosting the site: commercial (.com), educational (.edu), nonprofit (.org)… Currency  How current is the site?  How current are the site's links? If many of the links no longer work, the site may be too dated for your purposes. Suggests recent data as being more reliable Update frequency will vary by the type of site

38. 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology38 A.Wikipedia B.2012 World's Almanac C.1998 World's Almanac D.1999 World's Almanac E.A 1962 encyclopedia

39.  Inherent problems  Emphasis on surface features over content  Simplistic yes/no questions with no guidance  Erroneous indicators of credibility  Students fail to develop information literacy skills and critical practices  Need for better evaluative methods to develop sustained, transferable skills

40.  Determining usefulness and credibility is a process  Readers should engage in repeated dialogues with the document  The questions of usefulness and credibility vary by discipline 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology40

41. Question Categorize Contextualize Corroborate Conclude Characterize Authorship Critique Rhetorically Repeat as necessary Developed by K. Deibel, S. Read, and T. Wright

42.  Maintain a skeptical frame of mind  Ask questions relevant to your research 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology42

43.  In the context of your research, is this a primary, secondary, or tertiary source?  What type of site is it (website, blog, wiki, database, etc.)? 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology43

44.  What do the authors’ choice of words, tone, font, display format, images, genre, and argumentative strategies tell you about the intended audience and the credibility and reliability of this site? (‘Read’ the site.) 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology44

45.  Identify who created the content, when they created it, and for what purpose.  Single or multiple authors? Committee? Institution? Critic? Expert? Unknown? Other? 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology45

46.  Place the information collected in conversation with your existing experience and body of knowledge.  Does it fit? How? 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology46

47.  Assess how the content compares to other sources.  Is the content consistent, complementary, or contradictory? 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology47

48.  How credible is the source?  Is the source useful for your research goals?  If unsure, ask more questions.  If the source is not credible or not useful, find a new source and repeat the Q6C process 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology48

49.  Example of the fun of research and exploration of knowledge  Side quests are surprising  What I learned from my dissertation  The popularity of eyeglasses in a Renaissance European nation  Ghoti is pronounced as 'fish' 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology49

50. When working on a task involving researching information, ask yourself  How useful is this information for my current purposes?  How credible is this information for me to rely on and to pass on to others (i.e., cite)? 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology50

51. A.10 B.28 C.88 D.2000+ E.Over 9000 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology51

52. A.We checked at the patent office. B.We accepted the claims made by encyclopedia.com as credible. C.We checked the rules for patents and found that no one can be issued more than 100 patents in a lifetime. D.All of these answers 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology52

53.  Keep working on Project 1A  Keep up GoPost discussions  There will be a WebQ quiz for Thursday/Friday labs  Only get one shot at submitting! 2012-01-25Katherine Deibel, Fluency in Information Technology53