1. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 1 Asier Alonso Muñoz Intelligent Transport Communication Networks Researcher TECNALIA-TELECOM

2. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 2 SDR Based Methodology for On-Board Communications Systems Design

3. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 3 The next “big thing” ? EFFICIENCY COMFORT & INFOTAINMENT V2V R2V I2V V2U V2V R2V I2V V2U SAFETY NAVIGATION & TRACKING

4. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 4 Probably!, but some challenges still unsolved 1. Many radio standards forced to coexist on board, integrated in a single device !? 2. Time mismatch between cars and communication equipment lifecycles 3. Radio standards not fully harmonized worldwide

5. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 5 Our motivation To find an innovative design methodology for on-board (and infrastructure) devices which enables multiple radio integration To define a reconfigurable system architecture which enables seamless evolution towards new communication standards To design a new signal processing algorithm which, making use of new acquisition techniques, allows reducing the number of Hw components

6. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 6 … and here it comes SDR ! o One device per  One single device waveform integrating multiple radios o Many Hw components  Single programmable device (FPGA, DSP) Traditional SDR platform scheme Amplifying + Filtering + Downconverting

7. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 7 What SDR provides… 1. Different waveforms in a single device Multiple standards integrated Costs dramatically reduced — Manufacturing, logistical support and operating expenditures 2. Reconfigurability and upgradability New standards, features or capabilities added — Over-The-Air (OTA) reprogramming Lifecycle mismatch reduced  customer satisfaction improved 3. Specific location-based Sw loads Addressing regional/national requirements

8. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 8 SDR-based On-Board Hw Architecture

9. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 9 Signal Processing o Digitization in SDR systems is made: In theory, just after the antenna In practice, after the RF front end — This adds limitations regarding flexibility o A possible solution  direct digitization Choice of an appropriate sampling frequency Digital front-end design BPF ADC LNA Receiver Front-End

10. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 10 Sampling Frequency Choice o Bandpass sampling allows supressing analog downconversion from the RF front-end, but it requires: Careful study of the appropriate sampling frequency Analysis of the generated spurious signals o Two main benefits: Bandwidth reduction for acquiring multiple signals More flexibility

11. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 11 Sampling Frequency Choice (cont’d) o Example: GNSS signals GPS (L1) & Galileo (E5a/b)  Full Bw = 400 MHz

12. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 12 Sampling Frequency Choice (cont’d) o Final frequency after aliasing is: o Our goal was to match Galileo and GPS central frequencies so we obtain: F al = M*F s ± F o -N*F s +F GPS =M*F s -F Gal

13. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 13 Sampling Frequency Choice (cont’d) 7 possible sampling frequencies : Fs (MHz) GPS L1 (MHz) Galileo E5a (MHz) Galileo E5b (MHz) 1383.3191.75207.25176.25 691.6191.75207.25176.25 461.1191.75207.25176.25 307.438.0653.5622.56 251.566.0081.5050.50 153.738.05653.5622.56 110.725.7641.2610.26 Final Bw = 60 MHz

14. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 14 Digital Front-End Design o Each GNSS signal is processed independently o Each band is processed with a standard downsampling scheme

15. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 15 Results o Two ways of studying the behaviour of the system: 1.Preliminary Simulink/Modelsim analysis  chosen sampling frequency = 153.7MHz 2.Laboratory tests  measuring of dynamic range (main drawback of direct digitization)

16. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 16 o Dynamic range tests: If signal power decreases  undesired spurious signals Dynamic range = 40 dB = ADC’s DR Results (cont’d)

17. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 17 Conclusions o The three proposed objectives have been met: 1.Choosing a new paradigm of design for reconfigurable systems  SDR 2.Designing an architecture for on-board devices  Generic open platform 3.Finding new signal processing algorithms which can reduce the number of Hw elements  Digital Front-End for Direct Digitization

18. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 18 Next Steps o Designing a flexible analog front-end which allows working with different real signals o Research on algorithms which allow dynamic reconfiguration of the system

19. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 19 Thank you ! Asier Alonso Muñoz Intelligent Transport Communication Networks Researcher TECNALIA TELECOM aalonso@robotiker.es www.tecnalia.es/telecom www.robotiker.es

20. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 20 Backup Slides

21. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 21 o TECNALIA Telecom develops its activity in the following Research Fields: Broadband Networks Wireless Systems Mobile Service Platforms o TECNALIA Telecom provides: Joint collaboration in Pre-competitive, Public- funded projects Contract based Research and Development Projects IPR and Research assets (Products & Technology) New exploitation routes for innovation: spin-ins, spin-offs, joint-ventures, etc. TECNALIA Telecom Business Unit of TECNALIA for the Telecommunications Sector

22. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March 2009 22 o Within the Wireless Systems Research Area, the Intelligent Transport Communication Networks Group specializes in communication technologies for transport/vehicular environments, focusing its activity in applied research for V2X in: On-board system optimisation (OBUs, in-vehicle comms – CAN, BT, UWB, NFC, RFID) VANET networks and devices (WAVE, 802.11p, IR, ZigBee) Cooperative systems for road transport Broadcasting (DAB, DVB-H, SDR) Network architectures (3G, WiMAX, Ad-Hoc, routing) GNSS technologies (GPS, GALILEO, EGNOS) and indoor guidance o Facts & Figures: Research Team: 1 Group Leader, 6 Researchers, 1 PhD Researcher R&D Assets: OpenGNSS, OpenGNSS Lite, OpenSDR, eOBU Public Funded Research Projects: CYBERCARS2 (FP6), MOBILIZING INTERNET (ITEA), MARTA, mVIA, NCV2015 (Spanish Programmes), INCAVE, i:MUGI (Basque Programmes) Telecom – Wireless Systems Intelligent Transport Communication Networks Group