1. The Rise of Organized Labor A response of workers to industrialization

2. Changes in Work

3. More machine-oriented More machine-oriented Less need for skilled labor Less need for skilled labor Workers more easily replaceable Workers more easily replaceable Work more monotonous Work more monotonous Less personal satisfaction of craftsmanship Less personal satisfaction of craftsmanship Workplace separate from home Workplace separate from home

4. Impersonal Relationship with Boss

5. Poor Working Conditions Poor Working Conditions

6. Child Labor Child Labor

7. Low Pay Low Pay

8. The Knights of Labor (A large Union)

9. Goals of the Knights of Labor Eight-hour workday. Eight-hour workday. Workers’ cooperatives. Workers’ cooperatives. Worker-owned factories. Worker-owned factories. Abolition of child and prison labor. Abolition of child and prison labor. Increased circulation of greenbacks. Increased circulation of greenbacks. Equal pay for men and women. Equal pay for men and women. Safety codes in the workplace. Safety codes in the workplace. Prohibition of contract foreign labor. Prohibition of contract foreign labor. Abolition of the National Bank. Abolition of the National Bank.

10. Trouble At Haymarket Riot in Chicago 1886

11. Haymarket Martyrs

12. Effect of the Haymarket Riot Many people associate labor unions with anarchists or other radical groups Many people associate labor unions with anarchists or other radical groups Anarchist – someone who wants all forms of government eliminated Anarchist – someone who wants all forms of government eliminated Socialist – someone who wants the “means of production” (factories and farms) controlled by the government Socialist – someone who wants the “means of production” (factories and farms) controlled by the government

13. The “Formula” unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists

14. Labor Union Membership

15. The American Federation of Labor Different than the Knights (only for skilled laborers) Different than the Knights (only for skilled laborers) Made up of a collection of trade unions Made up of a collection of trade unions Used collective bargaining Used collective bargaining

16. Women at Work Sometimes form their own unions Sometimes form their own unions Mother Jones is a labor organizer Mother Jones is a labor organizer ILGWU organizes garment workers ILGWU organizes garment workers Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire in New York in 1911 leads to reforms Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire in New York in 1911 leads to reforms

17. Government and Labor Many strikes in the late 19 th century/early 20 th century Many strikes in the late 19 th century/early 20 th century Government often influenced by big business Government often influenced by big business Government often sided with big business in quashing (putting down) the strikes Government often sided with big business in quashing (putting down) the strikes

18. Pullman Strike 1894