1. Attosecond Light and Science at the Time-scale of the Electron –
Coherent X-rays from Ultrafast Lasers
Henry Kapteyn and Margaret Murnane

2. EUV ERC Overview-- thrust 3 Spectroscopy
May 6, 2008
Outline
Take attosecond electron rescattering physics, discovered just over 20 years ago, to generate tabletop coherent x-ray beams
Use ultrafast x-rays to visualize, interact with, and control the nanoworld, to simultaneously manipulate electrons, atoms and molecules in quantum systems
Table-top microscopes and nanoprobes with unprecedented elemental, spatial and temporal resolution
Henry C. Kapteyn 2

3. Bright, coherent, ultrafast, soft x-ray beams on a tabletop
EUV ERC Overview-- thrust 3 Spectroscopy
May 6, 2008
Bright, coherent, ultrafast, soft x-ray beams on a tabletop
Focus a femtosecond laser beam into a gas
Extreme nonlinear optics upshifts visible laser light into the x-ray region
When laser and x-ray phase velocities matched, get coherent bright output
Laser-like, ultrafast, soft x-ray beams from 3 – 30 nm
Electron paths
Henry C. Kapteyn 3

4. EUV ERC Overview-- thrust 3 Spectroscopy
May 6, 2008
Applications of coherent, ultrafast, x-ray beams span a broad range of science and technology
Molecular imaging: image changing electronic orbital and molecular structure (Science 317, 1374 (2007); Science 322, 1081 (2008); Science 322, 1207 (2008))
Surface science: probe charge transfer processes on surfaces (PRL 101, (2008))
Magnetics: Probe nanodomains, magnetic dynamics (Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, (2009))
Nanoimaging: High resolution 3D imaging of thick samples using coherent lensless imaging (OL 34, 1618 (2009); PNAS 105, 24 (2008); Nature 460, 1088 (2009); Nature tbp (Jan 14, 2010))
High frequency acoustic metrology: Characterize thin films, interfaces, adhesion (Applied Physics Letters 94, (2009))
Nanothermal transport: probe heat flow in nanostructures (Nature Materials, accepted (2009))
Henry C. Kapteyn 4

5. EUV ERC Overview-- thrust 3 Spectroscopy
May 6, 2008
Applications of coherent, ultrafast, x-ray beams span a broad range of science and technology
How fast can a magnetic material switch? How do nanodomains interact?
How to catalysts work?
Can nanoparticles enhance photovoltaic efficiency?
How are electrons and atoms dynamically coupled in a molecule? How fast can an electron change states?
Molecular imaging: image changing electronic orbital and molecular structure (Science 317, 1374 (2007); Science 322, 1081 (2008); Science 322, 1207 (2008))
Surface science: probe charge transfer processes on surfaces (PRL 101, (2008))
Magnetics: Probe nanodomains, magnetic dynamics (Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, (2009))
Image thick samples at the nanometer level using a tabletop lensless microscope
How to probe and characterize interfaces, adhesion, and very thin films?
How fast does heat flow from a nanostructure into the bulk?
Nanoimaging: High resolution 3D imaging of thick samples using coherent lensless imaging (OL 34, 1618 (2009); PNAS 105, 24 (2008); Nature 460, 1088 (2009); Nature tbp (Jan 14, 2010))
High frequency acoustic metrology: Characterize thin films, interfaces, adhesion (Applied Physics Letters 94, (2009))
Nanothermal transport: probe heat flow in nanostructures (Nature Materials, accepted (2009))
Henry C. Kapteyn 5