1. Bull Breeding Soundness Evaluation Thanks to Dr. Rod Christmas

2. Objectives Breeding Soundness Evaluation Components Physical Exam/Conformation Faults External and Internal Genital Exam Semen Exam Classification

3. Indications Pre-Breeding Pre-Purchase Post-Purchase If any questions

4. Medical History Vaccinations Previous Health Information

5. Management History Feed Previous Use Breeding Behavior Penis during Breeding

6. Physical Exam Locomotion

7. Physical Exam Skin

8. Physical Exam Permanent ID

10. Physical Exam Eyes

12. Physical Exam Teeth

13. Rear Limb conformation Locomotion--Critical. Sickle Hocked Cow Hocked Post Legged Crooked Legs/Feet

14. Rear Limb Conformation

15. Musculoskeletal disease Joints Laminitis Scars around coronary band Interdigital growths Footrot Hoof Cracks

16. Interdigital Fibroma

17. Examination of Underline

18. Visual Exam of Scrotum Scrotal Conformation Evidence of Injury Skin Lesions

19. Palpation Ensure There Are Two Free & Moveable Tone Symmetry Epididymis

20. Atrophied Left Testicle

21. Scrotal Circumference Indicates Fertility & Puberty Ensure Both Testicles are In Scrotum Cradle Scrotal Neck Place Tape at Largest Diameter Pull until Skin Indents

22. Scrotal Circumference Tape

23. Proper Tape Placement

24. Incorrect Hand Placement

25. Measurement

26. Breed listing of 205 day scrotal circumference need to produce an average yearling scrotal circumference of 32 cm Adapted for Geske, J.M.,et.al:Proceeding annual Meeting, Beef Improvement Federation (1994):225-231.

27. Internal Reproductive Organ Exam Seminal Vesicles Ampulla Prostate Gland Penis (internal portion) Inguinal Rings

29. Internal Genital Organs

30. Importance of Rectal Exam Pathology of Internal Reproductive Organs Stimulation

31. Methods of Collection Manual Massage Artificial Vagina Electroejaculation

32. Collecting Semen with Artificial Vagina

33. Electroejaculation

34. External Exam of Penis & Prepuce Incomplete Extension Frenulum Hair Rings Fibropapillomas (Warts) Prolapse of Prepuce Lacerations Adhesions

35. Penile Hair Ring

36. Persistent Frenulum

37. Penile Fibropapilloma

38. Semen Evaluation Equipment

39. Semen Evaluation Motility

40. Semen Evaluation Morphology Determined at 1000X Eosin-nigrosin stain 70% Normal

41. Making Slide

42. Normal Bovine Sperm

43. Common Sperm Abnormalities

45. Classification of Bulls Satisfactory Potential Breeder Deferred Unsatisfactory Potential Breeder

46. Society for Theriogenology

47. Additional Testing Trichomonas Cultures Brucellosis Pelvic Measurement Hip Height Carcass Ultrasound

48. Preputial Culture

49. Trichomoniasis Diagnosis: –Smear - detect high numbers –Culture - In-Pouch ® - culture or transport –Bulls better to culture - serial cultures from bulls

50. Economics of Testing 10-20% of All Bulls Tested will Fail the Examination 10% of Bulls that Pass will have Substandard Fertility Compared to Others -Pass the Standards, but have Inherent Infertility

51. Economics of Testing Bulls that have Passed a Breeding Soundness Examination will have a 7% Increase in Pregnancy Rates on Average Over Those that were not Tested.

52. Economics of Testing 35 Cows x 7% = 2.5 extra calves/bull Open Cow Value: 1200lb x $.50/cwt = $600 Bred Cow Value 2 nd Stage: App. $900 Difference/Cow = $300 x 2.5 = $750/bull Soundness Exam = $35-40/bull 20% Return on Investment!

53. Breeding Soundness Examination Summary Recommended Any Time a Bull is Turned Out on Cows. Invaluable Management Tool with High Return on Investment. Insurance that an Infertile Bull is not Diagnosed at Preg Check.

54. Questions?