1. General Chemistry Principles & Modern Applications 9 th Edition Petrucci/Harwood/Herring/Madura Chapter 15 Principles of Chemical Equilibrium Dr. Travis D. Fridgen Memorial University of Newfoundland © 2007 Pearson Education

2. H2H2 CO CH 4 = H 2 O time moles of substance 0 1 2 3 Which of the following statements is correct? 1.At equilibrium the reaction stops. 2. At equilibrium the rate constants for the forward and reverse reactions are equal. 3. At equilibrium the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. 4. At equilibrium the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are zero.

3. H2H2 CO CH 4 = H 2 O time moles of substance 0 1 2 3 Which of the following statements is correct? 1.At equilibrium the reaction stops. 2. At equilibrium the rate constants for the forward and reverse reactions are equal. 3. At equilibrium the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. 4. At equilibrium the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are zero.

4. SO 2 O2O2 SO 3 time pressure / atm 0 1 2 SO 2 O2O2 SO 3 time pressure / atm 0 1 2 SO 2 O2O2 SO 3 time pressure / atm 0 1 2 For the reaction of sulfur dioxide with oxygen, which of the following plots of pressure versus time is correct. You should not require the use of a calculator. 1.2.3.

5. SO 2 O2O2 SO 3 time pressure / atm 0 1 2 SO 2 O2O2 SO 3 time pressure / atm 0 1 2 SO 2 O2O2 SO 3 time pressure / atm 0 1 2 For the reaction of sulfur dioxide with oxygen, which of the following plots of pressure versus time is correct. You should not require the use of a calculator. 1.2.3.

6. For the reaction given to the right, the diagram represents an equilibrium mixture. The equilibrium constant, K p at this temperature is, (do not use a calculator) 1. 6 atm 2. 6 atm -1 3. 12 atm 4. 12 atm -1 5. 36 atm -1 Each molecule represents 1 atm.

7. For the reaction given to the right, the diagram represents an equilibrium mixture. The equilibrium constant, K p at this temperature is, (do not use a calculator) 1. 6 atm 2. 6 atm -1 3. 12 atm 4. 12 atm -1 5. 36 atm -1 Each molecule represents 1 atm.

8. 1.50 moles 0.75 moles 0.25 moles 1.00 mole of gaseous methanol was put into a 10.0 L flask at 483 K. The equilibrium mixture as depicted to the right was found. The equilibrium constant, K c, Consider the following reaction. 1.will be greater than 1 since at equilibrium methanol is favored. 2. will be less than 1 since at equilibrium reactants are favored. 3. Neither statements are correct. H2H2 CO CH 3 OH

9. 1.50 moles 0.75 moles 0.25 moles 1.00 mole of gaseous methanol was put into a 10.0 L flask at 483 K. The equilibrium mixture as depicted to the right was found. The equilibrium constant, K c, Consider the following reaction. 1.will be greater than 1 since at equilibrium methanol is favored. 2. will be less than 1 since at equilibrium reactants are favored. 3. Neither statements are correct. H2H2 CO CH 3 OH

10. 1.50 moles 0.75 moles 0.25 moles 1.00 mole of gaseous methanol was put into a 10.0 L flask at 483 K. The equilibrium mixture as depicted to the right was found. The value of the equilibrium constant, K c, is (you may use a calculator) Consider the following reaction. H2H2 CO CH 3 OH 1. 0.22 M -1 2. 0.15 M -2 3. 2.2 M -1 4. 1.5 M -2 5. 15 M -2

11. 1.50 moles 0.80 moles 0.25 moles 1.00 mole of gaseous methanol was put into a 10.0 L flask at 483 K. The equilibrium mixture as depicted to the right was found. The value of the equilibrium constant, K c, is (you may use a calculator) Consider the following reaction. H2H2 CO CH 3 OH 1. 0.22 M -1 2. 0.15 M -2 3. 2.2 M -1 4. 1.5 M -2 5. 15 M -2

12. 1 molecule = 1 atm 4 mol C(s) C C C C C C O O O O O O O O O O The following reaction has the given equilibrium constant at a high temperature. A mixture represented by the figure to the right was prepared. 1. The mixture is at equilibrium. 3. The reaction must proceed toward products to reach equilibrium. Which of the following statements is correct? 2. The reaction must proceed toward reactants to reach equilibrium.

13. 1 molecule = 1 atm 4 mol C(s) C C C C C C O O O O O O O O O O The following reaction has the given equilibrium constant at a high temperature. A mixture represented by the figure to the right was prepared. 1. The mixture is at equilibrium. 3. The reaction must proceed toward products to reach equilibrium. Which of the following statements is correct? 2. The reaction must proceed toward reactants to reach equilibrium.

14. Consider the equilibrium to the right. Assuming the system is at equilibrium, which of the following statements is incorrect? CaO(s) CaCO 3 (s) 1.Adding solid CaCO 3 will have the same result on the pressure in the container as adding solid CaO. 2.Removing some CO 2 from the container will result in production of CaO. 3.Adding some CO 2 to the container will result in production of CaCO 3. 4.Adding solid CaCO 3 to the container will result in the production of CaO.

15. Consider the equilibrium to the right. Assuming the system is at equilibrium, which of the following statements is incorrect? CaO(s) CaCO 3 (s) 1.Adding solid CaCO 3 will have the same result on the pressure in the container as adding solid CaO. 2.Removing some CO 2 from the container will result in production of CaO. 3.Adding some CO 2 to the container will result in production of CaCO 3. 4.Adding solid CaCO 3 to the container will result in the production of CaO.

16. The reaction of coke and steam at high temperatures produces H 2 and CO gases. At 1000 K, K p = 0.75. 6p 6n e e e e e e not If you have steam and carbon in an isolated container at 1000 K at equilibrium. Which of the following would increase the amount of H 2 in the container? 1. Increasing the volume of the container. 2. Decreasing the volume of the container. 3. Adding an atmosphere of N 2 (g). 4. Adding an atmosphere of CO(g). 5. None of the above.

17. The reaction of coke and steam at high temperatures produces H 2 and CO gases. At 1000 K, K p = 0.75. 6p 6n e e e e e e not If you have steam and carbon in an isolated container at 1000 K at equilibrium. Which of the following would increase the amount of H 2 in the container? 1. Increasing the volume of the container. 2. Decreasing the volume of the container. 3. Adding an atmosphere of N 2 (g). 4. Adding an atmosphere of CO(g). 5. None of the above.

18. 1 L 3 L 1. True 2. False Suppose the stopcock is opened in the diagram to the right so that the system, initially at equilibrium, expands to occupy all 4 L of the container. More products would have to be formed to re-attain equilibrium.

19. 1 L 3 L Suppose the stopcock is opened in the diagram to the right so that the system, initially at equilibrium, expands to occupy all 4 L of the container. More products would have to be formed to re-attain equilibrium. 1. True 2. False

20. Consider the following equilibrium which has a K c of 23.2 at 600 K. Which of the following actions will increase the amount of products? 1. Increasing the volume of the container. 2. Decreasing the volume of the container. 3. Adding an atmosphere of N 2 (g). 4. Adding an atmosphere of CO 2 (g). 5. None of the above.

21. Consider the following equilibrium which has a K c of 23.2 at 600 K. Which of the following actions will increase the amount of products? 1. Increasing the volume of the container. 2. Decreasing the volume of the container. 3. Adding an atmosphere of N 2 (g). 4. Adding an atmosphere of CO 2 (g). 5. None of the above.

22. Consider the following equilibrium which has a K c of 23.2 at 600 K. What is the value of K p at this temperature? Do not use a calculator.

23. Consider the following equilibrium which has a K c of 23.2 at 600 K. What is the value of K p at this temperature? Do not use a calculator.

24. Consider the following equilibrium at a temperature which K c = 3. What is the value of K p ? Do not use a calculator.

25. Consider the following equilibrium at a temperature which K c = 3. What is the value of K p ? Do not use a calculator.

26. A sample bulb is prepared with a total pressure of 3.0 atm with mole fractions of N 2 O 4 and NO 2 of 0.67 and 0.33, respectively. Which of the statement below is correct? (No calculators) 1.At equilibrium the pressure will be greater than 3.0 atm. 3.At equilibrium the pressure will be less than 3.0 atm. 2.The system is at equilibrium. 4.I don’t know how to answer this question.

27. A sample bulb is prepared with a total pressure of 3.0 atm with mole fractions of N 2 O 4 and NO 2 of 0.67 and 0.33, respectively. Which of the statement below is correct? (No calculators) 1.At equilibrium the pressure will be greater than 3.0 atm. 3.At equilibrium the pressure will be less than 3.0 atm. 2.The system is at equilibrium. 4.I don’t know how to answer this question.

28. The reaction of coke, C(s), and steam at high temperatures produces H 2 and CO gases, 6p 6n e e e e e e not 1. Decreasing the temperature. 2. Increasing the temperature. 3. Adding carbon. 4. Decreasing the volume of the container. 5. None of the above. If you a mixture of reactants and products in an isolated container at 1000 K, which of the following would increase the amount of H 2 in the container?

29. The reaction of coke, C(s), and steam at high temperatures produces H 2 and CO gases, 6p 6n e e e e e e If you a mixture of reactants and products in an isolated container at 1000 K, which of the following would increase the amount of H 2 in the container? not 1. Decreasing the temperature. 2. Increasing the temperature. 3. Adding carbon. 4. Decreasing the volume of the container. 5. None of the above.

30. Given the following equilibria at 650 K, What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? 1. 1.6 x 10 -4 2. 4 x 10 -5 3. 1.6 x 10 -9 4. 4 x 10 -10 5. 4.0 x 10 -9

31. Given the following equilibria at 650 K, What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? 1. 1.6 x 10 -4 2. 4 x 10 -5 3. 1.6 x 10 -9 4. 4 x 10 -10 5. 4.0 x 10 -9