1. Prof. Dr Fahim Shaltout Professor of Meat Hygiene

2. Parasitic diseases A – Direct transmissible to man B – Indirect transmissible to man C – Not / or rarely transmissible to man

3. Parasitic diseases direct transmissible to man 1-Cysticercus bovis 1-Cysticercus bovis 2- cysicercus cellulose 2- cysicercus cellulose 3- Trichinella spiralis cyst 3- Trichinella spiralis cyst 4-Hetrophyes hetrophyes 4-Hetrophyes hetrophyes 5-Opistherchois tenuicollis 5-Opistherchois tenuicollis 6- Diphyllobothrium latum 6- Diphyllobothrium latum 7 - Anaskiasis 7 - Anaskiasis

4. 1- Taenia saginata (Beef tapeworm) Lives in the small intestine of man Lives in the small intestine of man Cyst called Cysticercus bovis, Beef measels or cysticercus inermis Cyst called Cysticercus bovis, Beef measels or cysticercus inermis Cyst is rounded or oval in shape Cyst is rounded or oval in shape The cyst is found most commonly in cattle but occasionally in buffaloe The cyst is found most commonly in cattle but occasionally in buffaloe

5. Infestation system 1- Direct in undeveloped areas when animals are contact with humans in the same area. Ova may remain infective up to 6 monthes 1- Direct in undeveloped areas when animals are contact with humans in the same area. Ova may remain infective up to 6 monthes 2-indirect as by wild birds 2-indirect as by wild birds

6. Location ( predilection site) Heart, tongue, masseter muscles, diaphragh, shoulder, hind quarter, oesophagus, Heart, tongue, masseter muscles, diaphragh, shoulder, hind quarter, oesophagus,

7. Inspection

8. judgment Heavy infestation means presence of more than one cyst dead or live in an area of meat at size of palm of the hand in different areas of the carcass.Heavy infestation necessitates total condemnation. Heavy infestation means presence of more than one cyst dead or live in an area of meat at size of palm of the hand in different areas of the carcass.Heavy infestation necessitates total condemnation. In light infestation which not fulfill the above mentioned requirements, carcass should be treated before releasing ( conditionally approved) In light infestation which not fulfill the above mentioned requirements, carcass should be treated before releasing ( conditionally approved)

9. Conditionally approved It means the treatment of meat before release for consumption by: It means the treatment of meat before release for consumption by: 1-freezing at – 10 º C for not less than 10 days. 1-freezing at – 10 º C for not less than 10 days. 2- boiling at 100 º C for 2.5 hrs, the cuts should be not more than 5 lbs with thickness of 10 cm, and the thermal death point 58 º C. 2- boiling at 100 º C for 2.5 hrs, the cuts should be not more than 5 lbs with thickness of 10 cm, and the thermal death point 58 º C. 3- pickling in brine salt solution 25 % for 3-4 weeks 3- pickling in brine salt solution 25 % for 3-4 weeks 4-steaming under pressure (1/2) an autoclave for one hour 4-steaming under pressure (1/2) an autoclave for one hour

10. Control measures Improving meat inspection Improving meat inspection Prevention of cattle infection Prevention of cattle infection Treatment of infected persons. Treatment of infected persons. Use of modern method as ELISA for diagnosis of infected animals. Use of modern method as ELISA for diagnosis of infected animals. Vaccination of cattle against C.bovis Vaccination of cattle against C.bovis Thorough cooking of meat. Thorough cooking of meat.

11. 2- Pork tapeworm( taenia solium) In the upper part of small intestine of man. In the upper part of small intestine of man. Cestode. Cestode.

12. Pork measles ( Cystidercus cellulosae) The cyst is found more commonly in the pig. The cyst is found more commonly in the pig. Size 1.6 x 0.9 cm Size 1.6 x 0.9 cm The cyst may be present also in humans by The cyst may be present also in humans by A-ingestion of eggs B- retro[ristalsis movementof small intestineof man resulting in movement of eggs to the stomach hexacanth embryo release. Cyst may be present in brain and eye so called C.racemosus or proliferative cyst. Cyst may be present in brain and eye so called C.racemosus or proliferative cyst.

13. Location Heart, diaphragm, tongue, neck thigh shoulder, intercostal, and abdominal muscles Heart, diaphragm, tongue, neck thigh shoulder, intercostal, and abdominal muscles

14. judgment Presence of one cyst dead or live needs total condemnation Presence of one cyst dead or live needs total condemnation

15. Control measures

16. Trichinosis,trichiniasis, trichinellosis, trichinellasis Disease caused by Trichinella spiralis Disease caused by Trichinella spiralis Produce toxic products leads to myocarditis and fatal encephalitis Produce toxic products leads to myocarditis and fatal encephalitis Adult worm is found in the intestinal tract. Adult worm is found in the intestinal tract. The sexes are distinct, male 1.5 mm, female about 3 mm. The sexes are distinct, male 1.5 mm, female about 3 mm. It is found in pig, rat, mouse, dog and man It is found in pig, rat, mouse, dog and man

17. Larvae Are found in muscular tissue ( intramuscle fiber) of the same host. Are found in muscular tissue ( intramuscle fiber) of the same host. The cyst is lemon shaped containing coiled larva. It is parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle fiber, near the tendon. The cyst is lemon shaped containing coiled larva. It is parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle fiber, near the tendon. Location : in pig pillars of diaphragm, muscles of tongue, larynex and the abdominal and intercostal muscles Location : in pig pillars of diaphragm, muscles of tongue, larynex and the abdominal and intercostal muscles

18. Methods of detection Trichinoscope Trichinoscope

19. Infection in man Man become infected by ingestion of raw or undercooked trichinosed flesh Man become infected by ingestion of raw or undercooked trichinosed flesh

20. judgment One cyst total condemnation One cyst total condemnation

21. Control measures

22. Fish parasites transmissible to man Opistherchois tenuicollis (O.felineus) It is a trematode lives in the bile duct and pancreatic duct of dog,cat, fox, pig and man. It measures 18 mm x 3mm It is a trematode lives in the bile duct and pancreatic duct of dog,cat, fox, pig and man. It measures 18 mm x 3mm Encysted metacercaria present in fish at the base of the fins Encysted metacercaria present in fish at the base of the fins

23. Life cycle 1 st intermediate host snail 1 st intermediate host snail 2 nd intermediate host fish 2 nd intermediate host fish Containing encysted meyacercaria Containing encysted meyacercaria

24. Methods of infection Through eating raw infected fish, metacercaria exist in the duodenum, then young fluke migrate via bile duct Through eating raw infected fish, metacercaria exist in the duodenum, then young fluke migrate via bile duct

25. Judgment All fish affected need total condemnation All fish affected need total condemnation

26. Hetrophyes hetrophyes Very small trematode in the small intestine of dog, cat, fox, and man Very small trematode in the small intestine of dog, cat, fox, and man with a size 1.7 mm x 0.7 mm with a size 1.7 mm x 0.7 mm

27. Life cycle 1 st intermediate host snail 1 st intermediate host snail 2 nd fish (Mugile cephalus, Tilapia nilotica) 2 nd fish (Mugile cephalus, Tilapia nilotica) Containing encysted meyacercaria Containing encysted meyacercaria

28. Judgment Condemned the affected fish Condemned the affected fish

29. Diphyllobothrium latum It is a cestode, Occures in the small intestine of man, dog, cat and fox with a length 2--20 meter It is a cestode, Occures in the small intestine of man, dog, cat and fox with a length 2--20 meter

30. Life cycle 1 st intermediate host cyclope 1 st intermediate host cyclope 2 nd intermediate host fish ( as Eel) containing pleurocercoid. 2 nd intermediate host fish ( as Eel) containing pleurocercoid. In the caviar or liver In the caviar or liver

31. judgment Affected fish must be totally condemned Affected fish must be totally condemned

32. 7- Anaskiasis Nematode Nematode It is found in Japan, the Netherland and USA. It is found in Japan, the Netherland and USA. Definitive hosts are marine mammals. Definitive hosts are marine mammals. In Europe the disease called herring worm disease. In Europe the disease called herring worm disease. In human cases : In human cases : in europe involved intestine in europe involved intestine In Japan involved both gastric and intestinal infection..It is found in Japan due to eating raw fish is a traditional way of life In Japan involved both gastric and intestinal infection..It is found in Japan due to eating raw fish is a traditional way of life

33. Parasitic diseases indirect transmissible to man 1-Hydatid cyst 1-Hydatid cyst 2-Linguatula rhinaria 2-Linguatula rhinaria

34. 1- Echinococcosis Caused by Echinococcus granulosus Caused by Echinococcus granulosus Cestode,Found in the small intestine of dog. Cestode,Found in the small intestine of dog. Cyst called hydatid cyst Cyst called hydatid cyst Hydatid cyst is present in food animals and man Hydatid cyst is present in food animals and man

35. Structure of hydatid cyst External cuticular membrane External cuticular membrane Internal germinal layer, small papilae from which broad capsuleattached by short pedicle or stalk Internal germinal layer, small papilae from which broad capsuleattached by short pedicle or stalk Vesicular fluid Vesicular fluid Daughter cyst appear as a projection from the broad capsule Daughter cyst appear as a projection from the broad capsule

36. Shape of hydatid cyst Oval or spherical Oval or spherical Size from pin head to child ’ s head Size from pin head to child ’ s head

37. Judgment Condemned the affected part or organ under strict hygienic measures to prevent dog reach such part Condemned the affected part or organ under strict hygienic measures to prevent dog reach such part In case of musclar affection, oedema and emaciation need total condemnation In case of musclar affection, oedema and emaciation need total condemnation

38. Control measures

39. 2- Linguatula rhinaria (tongue worm) Arthropode closely related to tick and mite. Arthropode closely related to tick and mite. It occures in the nasal and respiratory passage of dog It occures in the nasal and respiratory passage of dog

40. Larval stage Linguatula serrata,(Pentastomum denticulatum) Linguatula serrata,(Pentastomum denticulatum) Occurs in the mesenteric lymph node (6-8 mm in length, millet seed to pea size, yellow to grey or green and found peripherally when calcified mistaken with tuberculous lesions Occurs in the mesenteric lymph node (6-8 mm in length, millet seed to pea size, yellow to grey or green and found peripherally when calcified mistaken with tuberculous lesions

41. Judgment Isolated foci in the liver, spleen or lymph nodes may be excised. Isolated foci in the liver, spleen or lymph nodes may be excised. Affected mesentric lymph nodes, condemned and destroy mesentric fat, incise mesenyric fat 15 cm from the intestinal attachment Affected mesentric lymph nodes, condemned and destroy mesentric fat, incise mesenyric fat 15 cm from the intestinal attachment

42. Parasitic diseases not / or rarely transmissible to man 1- Nematodes 1- Nematodes 2-Cestodes 2-Cestodes 3- Trematodes 3- Trematodes 4-protozoa 4-protozoa 5- arthropodes 5- arthropodes

43. Nematoteds Ascaris spp Ascaris spp Judgment Judgment Heavy infested intestine with ascaridae should be affected with a sour odour which not disappear when the carcase is hung, boiling test should be applied after 24 hours Heavy infested intestine with ascaridae should be affected with a sour odour which not disappear when the carcase is hung, boiling test should be applied after 24 hours

44. Ascaris suum In pig, mistaken wit tubercullosis In pig, mistaken wit tubercullosis Differentiation by Differentiation by 1-malchories test ( duodenum) 1-malchories test ( duodenum) 2-zeil nelsin stain ( acid fast bacilli) 2-zeil nelsin stain ( acid fast bacilli) 3- inoculation to laboratory animal ( ginea pig or rabbit) 3- inoculation to laboratory animal ( ginea pig or rabbit)

45. Lung worms Judgment Judgment In slight infestation condemned the affected parts In slight infestation condemned the affected parts In heavy infestation condemned the lungs and judging the carcass depending on its condition In heavy infestation condemned the lungs and judging the carcass depending on its condition Carcass that is edematous or emaciated because of parasitic bronchitis should be condemned Carcass that is edematous or emaciated because of parasitic bronchitis should be condemned

46. Cestodes Judgment Judgment Condemned the affected organs Condemned the affected organs Heavy infestation accompanied with emaciation total condemnation Heavy infestation accompanied with emaciation total condemnation Coenureus cerebralis Coenureus cerebralis Emaciated carcass total condemnation Emaciated carcass total condemnation

47. Site of larval stage I.H.I.stagehostworm musculaturecamel C. Cameli C. dromedrii HyeneT.hyene Abdominal cavity, viscera Sheep, goat, cattle C. tenuicollis dogT.hydatigena Heart, muscles sheep C. ovis dog T. ovis C.N.S Sheep, goat, cattle Coenureus cerebralis dog Multiceps.m ulticeps Liver, mesentry rabbit C. pisiforms dog T. pisiforms musclesrabbitCoenureusserialisdog M. serialis

48. Trematodes Fascioliasis Fascioliasis Man may be infected by ingestion of encysted cercaria and not by the ingestion of animal liver containing the adult parasite Man may be infected by ingestion of encysted cercaria and not by the ingestion of animal liver containing the adult parasite Judgment Judgment Remove the affected part Remove the affected part Cirrhotic liver or markedly pipey must be condemned Cirrhotic liver or markedly pipey must be condemned

49. Dicrocoelium dendriticum Trematode Trematode Have two intermediate hosts ant and snail Have two intermediate hosts ant and snail It is found in northern europe, north and south america It is found in northern europe, north and south america Judgment Judgment Remove the affected part Remove the affected part Cirrhotic liver or markedly pipey must be condemned Cirrhotic liver or markedly pipey must be condemned

50. Protozoa Coccidia Coccidia Eimeria Eimeria Judgment Judgment Slight affection condemned the affected liver lesion Slight affection condemned the affected liver lesion Heavy affection condemned the liverand the carcass if emaciation is accompanied Heavy affection condemned the liverand the carcass if emaciation is accompanied

51. Genus Sarcosporidia S. miesheriana (pig) S. miesheriana (pig) S. tenella (sheep) S. tenella (sheep) S. blanchardi(cattle) S. blanchardi(cattle) Balbiana gigantea ( larg macroscopic in buffaloe, oesophagus) Balbiana gigantea ( larg macroscopic in buffaloe, oesophagus)

52. Judgment Localized affection condemned the affected pats Localized affection condemned the affected pats Heavy infestation needs total condemnation Heavy infestation needs total condemnation

53. Arthropoda Hypoderma bovis Hypoderma bovis Judgment Judgment Scraping of the skin on the back with a knife and clean should be applied over the warbled area Scraping of the skin on the back with a knife and clean should be applied over the warbled area

54. Oestrus ovis In sheep Judgment Judgment In sheep suspected the head should be examined by splitting the skull in he middle line, presence of larvae and mucopurulent dishcharge, condemned the head In sheep suspected the head should be examined by splitting the skull in he middle line, presence of larvae and mucopurulent dishcharge, condemned the head

55. Thank you