Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. –He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy.

How small is an atom?

Activity! Bringing things down to size. –Take one sheet of paper 8 by 11. –Cut it in half as precisely as possible. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com

Activity! Bringing things down to size. –Take one sheet of paper 8 by 11. –Cut it in half as precisely as possible. –Cut in half again and again. Keep track. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com 1

Answer: If you were to cut the paper in half about 90 times, you would be around the size of the atom. 90

Link! Size Scale of the Universe (Flash) From Sub-Atomic to the Universe. –http://inciswf.com/589217_scale_of_universe_ enhanced.swfhttp://inciswf.com/589217_scale_of_universe_ enhanced.swf

Answer! The atomic particles spinning around billions of years ago are the same atoms that make up planets and all that are on them. Yes, your atoms were stardust. Answer! The atomic particles spinning around billions of years ago are the same atoms that make up planets and all that are on them. Yes, you were once a gas cloud spinning around the universe.

These pictures just represent what the atom might look like. –They are simple models meant for understanding. –Today I will attempt to help you understand the universe. –I unfortunately must use simple pictures because as we know atoms are very small and they are mostly empty space. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

We can’t see individual atoms. –We can see billions and billions of them bonded together.

(Optional) Recommended Link! Khan Academy Introduces the Atom. 21 minutes http://www.khanacademy.org/video/introduc tion-to-the-atom?playlist=Chemistryhttp://www.khanacademy.org/video/introduc tion-to-the-atom?playlist=Chemistry

Early experiments realized that that atoms were charged particles. One of those experiments is a Crookes tube. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy “Hoot” “Hoot” I can’t wait to see how this Crookes tube thing works.” “Hoot” “Hoot” I can’t wait to see how this Crookes tube thing works.”

+ - Like charges (-) (-) repel. The Electron is negative.

+ - Opposite charges attract (+) (-). The electrons are negative.

What did this study find? –It helped lead J.J. Thompson to realizing that this ray is negatively charged. (electron) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy + - Learn more: http://explorable.com/cathode- ray-experiment.html http://explorable.com/cathode- ray-experiment.html

Knowing that an atom had a charge was just the first step. Scientists still didn’t know the structure of the atom. –J.J. Thompsons early plum pudding model of an atom. (This was incorrect) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Ernest Rutherford’s experiment used particles and reflection to determine the structure of the atom. –What is the mystery shape in the next slide, using your knowledge of reflection? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Ernest Rutherford’s experiment used particles and reflection to determine the structure of the atom. –What is the mystery shape in the next slide. Use your knowledge of reflection? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

In Rutherford's experiment, a radioactive source shot a stream of alpha particles at a sheet of very thin gold foil which stood in front of a screen. –The alpha particles would make small flashes of light where they hit the screen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Since some of the positive alpha particles were substantially deflected, Rutherford concluded that there must be something inside an atom for the alpha particles to bounce off of, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Since some of the positive alpha particles were substantially deflected, Rutherford concluded that there must be something inside an atom for the alpha particles to bounce off of, that must be small, dense, and positively charged. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Since some of the positive alpha particles were substantially deflected, Rutherford concluded that there must be something inside an atom for the alpha particles to bounce off of, that must be small, dense, and positively charged. The Nucleus Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The history of the atom. Learn more at… http://www.nobeliefs.com/atom.htm Ernest Rutherford: Learn more… http://www.rutherford.org.nz/ http://www.rutherford.org.nz/

An Atom is the smallest part of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction. An Atom is the smallest part of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Neutron: A particle that appears in the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen. –Neutrons have no electrical charge and just a bit more mass than a proton. –A neutron walks into a video store. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Neutron: A particle that appears in the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen. –Neutrons have no electrical charge and just a bit more mass than a proton. –He asks the clerk “How much are the movies?” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Neutron: A particle that appears in the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen. –Neutrons have no electrical charge and just a bit more mass than a proton. –He asks the clerk “How much are the movies?” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy “For you…” “No Charge.”

Neutron: A particle that appears in the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen. –Neutrons have no electrical charge and just a bit more mass than a proton. –He asks the clerk “How much are the movies?” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nucleus: The positively charged center of the atom. Nucleus: The positively charged center of the atom. The nucleus has an incredibly high density. The nucleus has an incredibly high density. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nucleus: The positively charged center of the atom. Nucleus: The positively charged center of the atom. The nucleus has an incredibly high density. The nucleus has an incredibly high density. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Equal to a million million million kg m -3 or a thousand million million tonnes m -3

Nucleus: The positively charged center of the atom. Nucleus: The positively charged center of the atom. The nucleus has an incredibly high density. The nucleus has an incredibly high density. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Or 6 billion or so cars stuffed into a small cardboard box.

Nucleus

Atoms General. Learn more before the quiz. at… http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/3-atoms.htm http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/3-atoms.htm

Bonus Question! Name the Superhero?

1 Nucleus

1 Could be the proton in Hydrogen and the electron is flying around.

2 Electron

3 Neutron

4 Proton

5 Electron

6 Nucleus

7 Electron

8 Nucleus

8 Electron Cloud

9 Nucleus

Proton and the nucleus Hydrogen

Bonus Question! Name the Superhero?

Bonus Question! Name the Superhero? The Flash

What is this a picture of?

What is this a picture of? Our Solar System

Why am I showing you this?

What is this a picture of? Our Solar System Why am I showing you this? To show the incorrect behavior of subatomic particles.

Activity! Pin the tail on the electron! –One volunteer needs to tape the tail to the electron. Blindfold not needed.

Activity! Pin the tail on the electron! –What is the point in this activity?

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle –You can't know with certainty both where an electron is and where it's going next. That makes it impossible to plot an orbit for an electron around a nucleus. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle –You can't know with certainty both where an electron is and where it's going next. That makes it impossible to plot an orbit for an electron around a nucleus. This is also true for the Proton and Neutron. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle –You can't know with certainty both where an electron is and where it's going next. That makes it impossible to plot an orbit for an electron around a nucleus. This is also true for the Proton and Neutron. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Learn more (advanced) at… http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/science- questions/quantum-suicide2.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/science- questions/quantum-suicide2.htm

Nucleus

Electron

Electron, really a kilometer away if the nucleus is right here.

Could you pin point the exact location of any single particle?

Could you pin point the exact location of any single particle? Where will the electron be on the next slide – Put a marker to see if we will be right.

You can’t pinpoint the exact location of any single particle according to The Hinesburg Uncertainty Principle.

Could you provide a general region you might find a particular particle?

Could you provide a general region you might find a particular particle? Yes, the nucleus was usually found around here.

Could you provide a general region you might find a particular particle? The Electron was usually found in this region.

Neils Bohr Model (1913): Depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus –. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Because of its simplicity, the Bohr model is still commonly taught to introduce students to quantum mechanics.

Neils Bohr Model (1913): Depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus –. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Because of its simplicity, the Bohr model is still commonly taught to introduce students to quantum mechanics. We will touch upon this later in the unit.

Activity – Creating an accurate model of an atom. Atomic Cloud model. –Create a small nucleus (3 protons) and then make 500 hundred dots (Three Electrons moving at the speed of light around the nucleus.) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity – Creating an accurate model of an atom. Atomic Cloud model. –Create a small nucleus (3 protons) and then make 500 hundred dots (Three Electrons moving at the speed of light around the nucleus.) –Label model as Atomic Cloud Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Circle 3 Electrons

These are the three electrons in the Lithium Atom

They are everywhere and nowhere?

It has to do with the uncertainty principle.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy It has to do with the uncertainty principle. -The electron cannot have a defined position in the nuclei of atoms means that it must occupy every other space within the atom in a wave of possibilities.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy It has to do with the uncertainty principle. -The electron cannot have a defined position in the nuclei of atoms means that it must occupy every other space within the atom in a wave of possibilities. Pauli exclusion principle: The principle that two fermions of a given type, such as electrons, protons, or neutrons, cannot occupy the same quantum state. It does not apply to bosons. This principle plays a key role in the electron orbital structure of atoms, since it prevents more than two electrons from occupying any given orbital (two are allowed, since they may have opposite spin, and thus be in different quantum states) More difficult explanation.

Atoms always have the same number of protons and electrons, this is called the atomic number. Atoms always have the same number of protons and electrons, this is called the atomic number. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. –He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy.

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Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. –He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy.

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Presentation on theme: "Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. –He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy."— Presentation transcript:

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