1. Atomic Structure Preparing for Bonding Douglas J. Burks BIO231 Wilmington College

2. Basics Three subatomic Particles – 1. Proton A. Mass: ~ 1 AMU B. Charge: +1 C. Location: Nucleus – 2. Neutron A. Mass: ~1 AMU B. Charge: no net charge C. Location Nucleus – 3. Electron A. Mass: very small B. Charge -1 C. Location: in “orbits” Opposite charge particles attract Like charged particles repel Systems want net neutrality All systems want to be in lowest energy (most stable) http://education.jlab.org/qa/atom_model_02.gif

3. Electron Cloud Property of Electron – With little mass Dual behavior – Particle – Wave Probability 3 wave functions http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/images/00080041.jpg

4. Shells and orbitals Shell http://www.chem.duke.edu/~bonk/Chem83/enotes/ElectAndAtoms01.gif

5. Shells and Orbitals

6. Basics Periodic Table s sp p p p p p d d d d d f f f f f f f

7. Electron Filling Rules – Lowest energy – No net charge – One electron per possible wave solution Shell, orbital spin (two per orbital) – s (1 per shell) = 2 electrons – p (3 per shell) = 6 electrons – d (5 per shell) = 10 electrons – f (7 per shell) = 14 electrons Shells – 1 has only s – 2 has only s and p – 3 has only s, p and d – 4 has s, p, d, and f – 5 has s, p, d, and f

8. http://www.webelements.com/webelements/properties/media/tables/balls/atomic-radius-emp.gif