1. Trends in Library Resource Management and Discovery Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, and Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding 17 September 2015 Danish Research Library Association #dffu2015

2. Description  Marshall Breeding will give an overview of the current realm of library resource management systems and discovery services, highlighting some of the major technology trends. These products increasingly leverage use data and social networking concepts to provide more targeted and personalized services.

3. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

4. Visualizations based on ILS data in libraries.org Libraries.org data

5. Libraries in Denmark

6. Product Selections

7. Product De-selections

8. WorldShare implementations by Size

9. WorldShare Management Services by Type

10. Alma – Implementations by Type

11. Alma – Implementations by Size

12. Sierra implementations by Type

13. Sierra implementations by Size

14. Sierra migration Patterns

15. Evergreen implementations by Type

16. Perceptions 2014  http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014/ http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014/  Annual survey for Libraries  Satisfaction levels for  Company  Current ILS  Service  Loyalty  Migration Plans  3,141 Responses  80 Countries

17. Perceptions Survey 2014  Sample: Large Academic Libraries

18. Libraries Considering Switching Systems

19. Satisfaction levels: Large Academic

20. Library Technology Industry Reports  2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation  2015: Operationalizing Innovation  2013: Rush to Innovate  2012: Agents of Change  2011: New Frontier  2010: New Models, Core Systems  2009: Investing in the Future  2008: Opportunity out of turmoil  2007: An industry redefined  2006: Reshuffling the deck  2005: Gradual evolution  2004: Migration down, innovation up  2003: The competition heats up  2002: Capturing the migrating customer American LibrariesLibrary Journal

21. Library Systems Report 2015 “Operationalizing innovation” http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2015/05/01/library-systems-report/

23. Industry Revenues  $1.8 billion global industry  $ 805 million from companies involved in the US  $495 million from US Libraries

24. Personnel Resources 2014

25. Personnel Growth / Loss

26. Industry and Business Trends

27. Mergers and Acquisitions http://librarytechnology.org/mergers

28. Axiell See also: http://librarytechnology.org/vendors/axiell/

29. Consolidation  Industry dominated by a small number of large organizations  EBSCO Information Services  ProQuest  OCLC  Ex Libris  Innovative Interfaces  SirsiDynix  Axiell

30. Mid-sized and Small Companies  Limited geographic scope  Sector-specific products  Maintain profitable niche  Acquisition targets

31. Overlap between Content and Technology  Content companies ever more deeply extended into resource management and discovery technologies  Technology companies involved in content creation and integration  E-resource Knowledgebases (Journal level)  Discovery indexes (Article level)

32. EBSCO Information Services  Subject Indexing: EBSCO databases  Content aggregation: EBSCOhost platform  Discovery Technology: EBSCO Discovery Service  Print acquisition pipeline: YBP, GOBI3  Serials Acquisition pipeline EBSCO Subscription Services  E-books (academic)

33. ProQuest  Database creation and aggregation  ProQuest Platform  Print acquisition pipeline: Couts, MyiLibrary  Discovery Technology: Summon  Resource management  360 Resource Manager  360 Link  Intota (Print + electronic)

34. Library sector involvement  Ex Libris: Higher Education  oMbiel campusM platform  ProQuest: Colleges and University  Follett: PreK-12 schools and districts  SirsiDynix: Public, academic, special  Innovative: Public, Academic, special  OCLC: current emphasis on academic  Axiell: Public Libraries, archives, and museums

35. Industry Growth  Organic: capture new accounts  Technology: Shift to hosted services  Geographic: expand into new international regions

36. Ownership models  Private Equity  Ex Libris (Golden Gate)  Innovative (HCCG, JMI)  SirsiDynix (ICV)  Family owned  Follett  EBSCO  ProQuest (Snyder / Goldman Sachs)  Membership owned  OCLC

37. Technology Trends

38. Deployment strategies  In previous phase, libraries preferred local hosting and were skeptical of hosted offerings  Libraries now favor hosted services  Lack local IT staff and facilities  Prefer to use technical personnel for tasks other than infrastructure upkeep  Expect leverage for resource sharing and other benefits  Ongoing concern for data ownership, privacy, local control  Varying requirements for in-country data hosting

39. Software as a Service  Globally deployed platform  Scaleable, redundant, secure  Web-native interfaces  Multi-tenant: multiple institutional, single code base  Globally shared resources  Institutionally segregated resources

40. Hosted services  Hosted instances of client/server systems  Locally installed staff clients  Institutional or consortial instance  Very difficult to reengineer client/server products to multi-tenant platforms  Common to move to hosted service even when not changing systems

41. Open source ILS  Software model favored by libraries  Current products oriented to small to mid-sized libraries  Koha -- institutional  Evergreen – consortial  Academic and research libraries  Kuali OLE

42. API Ecosystem  Applications Programming Interface  Programmatically extract or load data, consume functionality  Real-time interoperability with external systems and services  Supplements or replaces standard protocols  Community platforms: documentation, sharable code, sandbox environment

43. Metadata models  MARC21 dominates ILS products  Some national or regional variants (danMARC)  Library Services Platforms assume multiple metadata formats  Full support expected for RDA  Open Linked Data gaining traction as new metadata framework  Shift away from library-specific encoding practices  Expectation to support BIBFAME in near future

44. Linked Data  Major trend toward information systems based on linked data  Many projects now based on linked data  Area of peak interest for Library of Congress, OCLC, etc  BIBFRAME  Potential to transform how libraries approach description and discovery  Current opportunities in making library content more discoverable

45. Linked data  Not yet a fully operational method for library- oriented content  Increasing representation of bibliographic resources  BIBFRAME stands to make great impact  Universe of scholarly resources not well represented  Will current expectations for content providers to make metadata or full text available for discovery expand to exposure as open linked data?

46. Hybrid models  Likely interim hybrid discovery models: central indexes + Linked Data  Can index-based search tools be improved through Linked Data  Browse to related resources  Add additional hierarchies of structure to search results

47. Trends in Library Resource Management

48. Academic Libraries:  Collection spending dominated by subscriptions to electronic content  Remnant spending for monographs  Firm orders for print  Demand-driven acquisitions for e-books

49. Transition to Electronic Publishing  Academic libraries devote majority of collections budgets to electronic materials  Open access represents a growing proportion of scholarly resources, though still a small minority  Public libraries increasingly offer e-book lending services  Academic libraries: primarily electronic collections  Public Libraries: Primarily physical collections

50. Implications of e-publishing  Resource management systems for academic libraries must be optimized for electronic resources  License management  Open access outside of paid subscriptions  Portfolio-based management – use knowledge base to delineate individual titles and date coverage of aggregated content packages  Efficiently manage e-books  Demand-driven acquisitions

51. Public Libraries:  Vigorous lending of print materials  Rising interest in e-book lending  Marginal investment in e-resource databases

52. E-book lending  High demand for integration technologies  E-book lending fully blended within the library’s own online catalog or discovery interface  Simple selection, download, and reading of e- books  Librarians demand fair pricing models  Publishers continue to fear impact on sales  Impose policies that create more friction

53. Integrate e-book platforms  Overdrive  3M Cloud Library  Axis 360

54. Manage local e-book collections  “Douglas County” model  Owned, locally hosted titles  Odilo as example of new type of e-book service provider

55. School Libraries:  Access to appropriate resources  Age  Reading level  Oriented to district-wide resource management and discovery  Low per-school costs for technology  Technologies that penetrate beyond the library into the school or district  Different assumptions for privacy and security

56. Functionality Trends

57. Fragmented Resource Management  Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print  Duplicative financial systems between library and university  Electronic Resource Management  E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver  A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids  Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending)  Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)  Separate systems for archival materials and special collections  Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections  No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

58. Cycles of fragmentation > unification  Early Phase: Modular automation  Integrated Library Systems  Proliferation of systems to manage electronic resources and digital collections  Current unification phase: library services platforms bring together print and electronic resource management  Next phase? Bring archival and digital assets under common management platform

59. Comprehensive Resource Management  Simplify resource management through platform consolidation  Separate components: ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model  Consolidation requires a flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

60. Library Services Platform  Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services  Services  Services-oriented architecture  Exposes Web services and other API’s  Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users  Platform  General infrastructure for library automation  Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service  Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

61. Library Services Platforms – Functional  Manages electronic and print formats of materials  Replaces multiple incumbent products  Extensive Metadata Management  Multiple procurement workflows  Knowledgebases  Built-in collection analytics  Decision support for collection development

62. Knowledge bases  Electronic Resource Management based on collective database of the body of e-content rather than library- by-library management  LSP extends knowledge base model to all resources  Make links or associations from local holdings to common bibliographic records  WorldShare Management Services – based on WorldCat Bibliographic records  Ex Libris Alma – includes Community Zone of shared records and resources  Intota: expanded knowledge base that includes MARC and other resources

63. Actionable analytics  Previous generation of ILS offered reports  Libraries now expect sophisticated analytics  Make data-driven collection decisions  Anticipate interest and use levels  Cost per use

64. Support for BIBFRAME  New bibliographic framework based on mapping MARC concepts and data into linked data model  No direct support for BIBFRAME in either integrated library systems or library services platforms  Developers are involved in BIBFRAME initiative  Operational implementations will come once the model has stabilized  Current phase of experimental projects and prototypes  Applies differently to discovery versus resource management

65. Library Services Platforms – Technical  Beyond Client/Server Computing  Multi-tenant platforms  Web-based interfaces  Services-oriented architecture  Exposes APIs for extensibility and interoperability  Interoperable

66. Consolidated index Unified Presentation Layer Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources New Library Management Model ` API Layer Library Services Platform Learning Management Enterprise Resource Planning Stock Management Self-Check / Automated Return Authentication Service Smart Cad / Payment systems Discovery Service

67. Resource Management Models Category Integrated Library System Progressive integrated library System Library Services Platform Resources managedPhysicalPrint, electronicElectronic, Physical Technology platformServer-based Multi-tenant SaaS KnowledgebasesNone e-holdings, bibliographic Patron interfacesBrowser-based Staff interfaces Graphical Desktop (Java Swing, Windows, Mac OS) Browser-based Procurement modelsPurchasePurchase, licenselicense Hosting optionLocal install, ASP Saas Only Interoperability Batch transfer, proprietary API Batch transfer, RESTful APIs, APIs (mostly RESTful) Products SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris Sierra, SirsiDynix Symphony/BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo WorldShare Management Services, Alma, ProQuest Intota, Sierra, Kuali OLE Development strategyBrownfield Greenfield (mixed)

68. Development Timeline for Library Services Platforms

69. Library Services Platform Installations Production installations as of December 2014 ProductInstallations 2014 Sales Sierra495123 Alma40643 WorldShare Management Services30379 Kuali OLE210 Intota021

70. Cycle of adoption and deployment  Beginning of a new cycle of transition that will last a decade  Development and beta phase complete  Now in mass deployment phase  Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms  Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

71. Trends in library resource discovery

72. Web-scale Index-based Discovery Search: Digital Collections Web Site Content Institutional Repositories … E-Journals Reference Sources Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Aggregated Content packages (2009- present) Usage- generated Data Customer Profile

73. Comprehensive Library Portal Integrated Library System Library Web site Subject Guides Article, Databases, E-Book collections Public Interfaces : Presentation Layer

74. Discovery Service Statistics Discovery Product20102011201220132014Installed EBSCO Discovery Service 17742634 8246 Primo506111101 9888 1529 Encore5672 36 Summon164214158 195 697 WorldCat Discovery2085

75. Multi-Role Stakeholders  Content provider / Discovery Service  EBSCO Information Service  ProQuest  Resource Management / Discovery Provider  OCLC  Ex Libris

76. Demise of the local catalog  Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory  Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface  Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

77. Fully Integrated Strategy  Library services Platform  Index-based discovery service  Integrated link resolution  Shared e-resource knowledgebase  Analytics available from back-end and discovery perspective

78. Split Management / Discovery Strategy  Library Services Platform for management of print and electronic resources  Separate index-based discovery  Knowledge base probably provided through Library Services Platform  Link Resolution separate from Discovery: how to perform smart linking?  Export and sync resource records from management to discovery service  API look-ups for resource availability and status  Patron profile and services request split between discovery and resource management components

79. Discovery happens elsewhere Beyond Library Discovery

80. Discovery Beyond Library-provided Interfaces  Reality that most discovery happens external to library  Improve discoverability of library resources  Locally: through incorporation of SEO and semantic encoding Especially schema.org  Globally: OCLC, Google Scholar and other services

81. Discovery beyond Library Interfaces  Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar  Same expectations for transparency?  Better exposure of library-oriented content  Schema.org or other microdata formats  Better exposure of scholarly resources  Open access & Proprietary  Embedded tools in other campus interfaces

82. Changing models of Resource Sharing

83. Progressive consolidation of library services  Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus  Resource sharing support  Direct borrowing among partner institutions  Shared infrastructure between institutions  Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University)  Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

84. Bibliographic Database Library System Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Search: Integrated Library System Patrons use Circulation features to request items from other branches Floating Collections may reduce workload for Inter-branch transfers Model: Multi-branch Independent Library System

85. Bibliographic Database Library System A Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System B Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System C Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System D Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System F Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System E Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Resource Sharing Application Bibliographic Database Discovery and Request Management Routines Staff Fulfillment Tools Inter-System Communications NCIP SIP ISO ILL Z39.50 NCIP Search: Consortial Resource Sharing System

86. Bibliographic Database Shared Consortia System Library 2 Library 3 Library 4 Library 5 Library 7 Library 8 Library 9 Library 10 Holdings Library 1Library 6 Shared Consortial ILS Search: Model: Multiple independent libraries in a Consortium Share an ILS ILS configured To support Direct consortial Borrowing through Circulation Module

87. Shared Infrastructure  Common discovery  Retention of local automation systems  Technical complex with moderate operational benefits  Common discovery + Resource Management Systems  Shared Resource management with local discovery options

88. Benefits of shared infrastructure  Increased cooperation and resource sharing  Collaborative collection management  Lower costs per institution  Greater universe of content readily available to patrons  Avoid add-on components for union catalog and resource requests and routing

89. Shared infrastructure Projects  Orbis Cascade  WHELF  South Australia  Ireland Public Libraries  JULAC  California State University  University System of Georgia  Complete Florida Plus Program  University of Wisconsin system

90. Orbis Cascade Alliance Campus Libraries37 Aggregated Enrollment258,000 Total Titles9 million Total Items28 million

91. WHELF Wales Higher Education Libraries Forum Institution Prior ILSBib Records Aberystwyth UniversityVoyager677,846 Bangor & Glyndwr UniversitySierra 591,673 Cardiff University & Welsh National Health ServiceVoyager856,381 Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityAlto269,965 National Library of WalesVirtua6,643,696 Royal Welsh College of Music and DramaVoyager 53,544 Swansea UniversityVoyager 738,399 University of South WalesSymphony365,602 University of Wales Trinity St. DavidHorizon637,326 Total 10,834,432

92. California State University Institution TitlesVolumes CirculationStaff FTE Bakersfield 473,134637,60615,71425 Channel Islands 100,433255,594 24 Chico 850,0001,265,90732,18259 Dominguez Hills 628,193637,0648,45638 East Bay 944,4151,139,05733,49143 Fresno 1,928,6241,345,398208,49178 Fullerton 1,153,7141,256,86761,48674 Humboldt 692,017807,10130,30031 Long Beach 1,198,7883,073,252147,46168 Los Angeles 926,498983,22935,66548 Maritime Academy 42,854154,8205,4398 Monterey Bay 277,228333,98227,76816 Northridge 1,575,6952,170,589130,322138 Pomona 776,2511,058,23643,51448 Sacramento 1,189,0931,415,56298,67566 San Bernardino 935,366868,45329,00190 San Diego 2,340,6412,513,98446,402106 San Francisco 1,524,4641,677,43789,16189 San Jose 1,505,6761,441,27994,74588 San Luis Obispo 805,508724,53138,89562 San Marcos 441,812538,20317,07147 Sonoma 506,040585,082191,18734 Stanislaus 344,311513,56531,61127 Total 21,160,75525,396,7981,417,0371,307

93. Norway: BIBSYS  Provides automation services for:  National Library of Norway  105 Academic and Special Libraries  History of local system development  Originally selected WorldShare Platform for new generation system development (Nov 2010) and later withdrew (Oct 2012)  Primo implemented for Discovery (May 2013)  Alma selected for new shared infrastructure (Jan 2014)

94. Comparison of Projects InstitutionVolumesLibraries Harvard University18,900,00079 Orbis Cascade Alliance28,000,00066 WHELF10,834,43232 California State University25,396,79825 University of California45,000,000100

95. Large-scale Implementations  Scale of any given project is no longer limited  Multi-tenant systems are already supporting very large numbers of sites  Shared implementation does not necessarily require more resources than separate ones  Industry Impact:  Winner-take-all dynamic can disrupt sales trends  Favors products and companies oriented toward consortia and large systems

96. Questions and discussion